Experimental Modeling of Damaging and Protective Hypoxia of the Mammalian Brain

Abstract

Currently, there is a new surge of interest in the problem of hypoxia, almost lost in recent decades. Due to the fact that the circle of competent specialists in this field has significantly narrowed, it is necessary to carry out an intensive exchange of knowledge. In order to inform a wide range of interested researchers and doctors, this review summarizes the current understanding of hypoxia, its pathogenic and adaptogenic consequences, as well as key physiological and molecular mechanisms that implement the response to hypoxia at various levels—from cellular to organismic. The review presents a modern classification of forms of hypoxia, the understanding of which is necessary for the formation of a scientifically based approach to experimental modeling of hypoxic states. An analysis of the literature covering the history and current level of hypoxia modeling in mammals and human experiments, including methods for creating moderate hypoxia used to increase the resistance of the nervous system to severe forms of hypoxia and other extreme factors, is carried out. Special attention is paid to the discussion of the features and limitations of various approaches to the creation of hypoxia, as well as the disclosure of the potential for the practical application of moderate hypoxic effects in medicine.

Hypoxia and fluoxetine in newborn female rats increase the performance of spatial long-term memory and reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in adulthood

“…П. Буткевич, В. А. Михайленко, Е. А. Вершинина пластичность определяет высокую чувствительность нейронов к стрессорным раздражителям, наряду с этим может способствовать адаптации к воздействию стресса. Существующее разнообразие форм гипоксического стресса и их экспериментальных моделей обусловливает наличие противоречивых данных по влиянию гипоксии на мозг и поведение (Millar et al 2017;Semenov et al 2022). В литературе внимание преимущественно уделяется перинатальной гипоксии-ишемии, которая приводит к тяжелым неврологическим и сердечно-сосудистым патологиям, к гипоксической энцефалопатии, вплоть до гибели не только в новорожденный период развития, но и в дальнейшем постнатальном онтогенезе (Duran-Carabali et al 2022).…”