Experimental Models for the Study of Female and Male Sexual Function

Giuliano, François; Pfaus, James G.; Srilatha, Balasubramanian; Hedlund, Petter; Hisasue, Shin Ichi; Marson, Lesley; Wallen, Kim

doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01960.x

Cited by 63 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 260 publications

(282 reference statements)

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“…After institutional approval, this study was conducted between October 2009 and December 2010. We evaluated the effect of drugs on contractility by analyzing the tension development of rat VD in vitro [11]. Briefly, adult Wistar rats (180–220 g) were sacrificed by decapitation, and segments (about 1 cm from the epididymal) of VD were removed as quickly as possible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

H2S Relaxes Vas Deferens Smooth Muscle by Modulating the Large Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ (BKCa) Channels via a Redox Mechanism

Yan

Zang

et al. 2012

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is generated in mammalian cells mainly by one of the two pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes, cystathione-γ-lyase (CSE), and cystathione-β-synthase (CBS) using L-cysteine as the main substrate. In previous studies, we found that CBS and CSE were functionally expressed in vas deferens (VD) and H2S-mediated VD smooth muscle relaxation. However, the detail mechanisms that H2S-relaxed VD smooth muscle were unknown so far. Aim The aim of this study is to explore the molecular target sites of H2S in VD smooth muscle. Methods Isolated rat VD smooth muscle strips were used for tension recording in vitro. Double immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the localization of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels. Main Outcome Measures Changes in tonic contraction of isolated rat VD smooth muscle strip were measured after the treatment of drugs. The expression of BKca channels in rat VD smooth muscle cells was also assessed. Results The results showed that L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) did not affect the response of VD to sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS), suggesting that nitric oxide pathway was not involved. Further studies revealed that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels did not contribute to the NaHS-induced relaxant effect. Glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K channel blocker, did the same thing, whereas BKCa channel blockers iberiotoxin or tetraethylammonium largely reversed the relaxant effect, suggesting that H2S may target BKCa channels. We also confirmed that BKCa channels were localized in VD smooth muscle cells. Then, studies revealed that NaHS-induced VD smooth muscle relaxation was abolished by N-ethylmaleimide, which was widely used as a sulfhydryl alkylation compound protecting thiols from oxidation, whereas DL-Dithiothreitol, a strong reducing agent, did not affect the response of VD to NaHS. Conclusions We concluded that H2S relaxed the VD smooth muscle by targeting BKCa channels via redox-mediated mechanism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

H2S Relaxes Vas Deferens Smooth Muscle by Modulating the Large Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ (BKCa) Channels via a Redox Mechanism

Yan

Zang

et al. 2012

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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“…Accordingly, these models are used widely in sexual and reproductive medicine (Chianese et al, 2011; Giuliano et al, 2010; McMurray, Casey, & Naylor, 2006; Olivier et al, 2006; Pattij, Olivier, & Waldinger, 2005). Mechanisms of erection, ejaculation, and the post-ejaculatory refractory period have been studied in detail in rodents and other species (e.g.…”

Section: Are Orgasms Unique To Humans?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do rats have orgasms?

Pfaus

Scardochio

Parada

et al. 2016

Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology

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BackgroundAlthough humans experience orgasms with a degree of statistical regularity, they remain among the most enigmatic of sexual responses; difficult to define and even more difficult to study empirically. The question of whether animals experience orgasms is hampered by similar lack of definition and the additional necessity of making inferences from behavioral responses.MethodHere we define three behavioral criteria, based on dimensions of the subjective experience of human orgasms described by Mah and Binik, to infer orgasm-like responses (OLRs) in other species: 1) physiological criteria that include pelvic floor and anal muscle contractions that stimulate seminal emission and/or ejaculation in the male, or that stimulate uterine and cervical contractions in the female; 2) short-term behavioral changes that reflect immediate awareness of a pleasurable hedonic reward state during copulation; and 3) long-term behavioral changes that depend on the reward state induced by the OLR, including sexual satiety, the strengthening of patterns of sexual arousal and desire in subsequent copulations, and the generation of conditioned place and partner preferences for contextual and partner-related cues associated with the reward state. We then examine whether physiological and behavioral data from observations of male and female rats during copulation, and in sexually-conditioned place- and partner-preference paradigms, are consistent with these criteria.ResultsBoth male and female rats display behavioral patterns consistent with OLRs.ConclusionsThe ability to infer OLRs in rats offers new possibilities to study the phenomenon in neurobiological and molecular detail, and to provide both comparative and translational perspectives that would be useful for both basic and clinical research.

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“…Segundo a Neuroendocrinologia, a função sexual é um fenômeno biopsicossocial complexo no qual estímulos internos e externos são modulados pelo sistema nervoso central e periférico, resultando em uma cascata de alterações bioquímicas, hormonais e circulatórias que culminam no resultado sexual físico e cognitivo 1,2 . É um fenômeno que envolve aspectos bioló-gicos, psicológicos e sociológicos 3 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Sexualidade na gestação: os médicos brasileiros estão preparados para lidar com estas questões?

Vieira¹,

Souza²,

Nakamura³

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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Mary usChiyaMa nakaMura 2 rosiane MaTTar 2 Introdução A sexualidade é uma função biológica humana que não se atém à genitalidade e sim à corporalidade total. Segundo a Neuroendocrinologia, a função sexual é um fenômeno biopsicossocial complexo no qual estímulos internos e externos são modulados pelo sistema nervoso central e periférico, resultando em uma cascata de alterações bioquímicas, hormonais e circulatórias que culminam no resultado sexual físico e cognitivo 1,2 . É um fenômeno que envolve aspectos bioló-gicos, psicológicos e sociológicos 3 . Na atualidade, o comportamento sexual humano transcendeu o aspecto reprodutivo e passou a ser considerado parte integral da qualidade de vida 4,5 . Apesar de alguns avanços ao longo dos últimos séculos, o exercício da sexualidade ainda é cercado por tabus, preconceitos e crendices em muitas culturas modernas. O conceito de disfunções sexuais surgiu somente no século XX, após os primeiros estudos sobre a resposta sexual fisiológica humana. Em 1966, Masters e Johnson 6 propuseram o modelo que descrevia a resposta sexual masculina e feminina como um processo linear didaticamente subdividido em quatro fases denominadas excitação, platô, orgasmo e resolução. Embora cada fase tenha características específicas distintas, não são unidades separadas, mas partes inseparáveis de um processo unitário, sequencial, contínuo e ordenado. Em 2001, Basson propôs um novo modelo específico para a resposta sexual feminina segundo o qual a resposta sexual das mulheres seria circular e dividida em cinco fases (neutralidade, excitação, desejo responsivo, satisfação e intimidade) 7 . Segundo esse novo modelo, o desejo não necessariamente desencadearia toda a resposta sexual feminina, mas a intimidade física do casal poderia ser a base para a motivação sexual Sexualidade na gestaçãoSe a resposta sexual feminina foi esquecida durante muitos séculos, o estudo dessa função durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal recebeu ainda menos atenção. A gravidez é caracterizada por modificações bioquímicas, funcionais e anatômicas que se iniciam logo após a implantação

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Experimental Models for the Study of Female and Male Sexual Function

Cited by 63 publications

References 260 publications

H2S Relaxes Vas Deferens Smooth Muscle by Modulating the Large Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ (BKCa) Channels via a Redox Mechanism

H2S Relaxes Vas Deferens Smooth Muscle by Modulating the Large Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ (BKCa) Channels via a Redox Mechanism

Do rats have orgasms?

Sexualidade na gestação: os médicos brasileiros estão preparados para lidar com estas questões?

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