Experimental Models of Laminitis: Hyperinsulinemia

McGowan, Catherine; Patterson-Kane, Janet C.

doi:10.1002/9781119169239.ch10

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This study highlights the presence of MPO in equine lamellae of horses with insulin-induced laminitis, suggesting that neutrophil activation is also present in this model. All histologic sections of the treated horses presented well-described histological features of the hyperinsulinemia model such as elongated, narrowed secondary epidermal lamellae with tapered tips and acute-angle orientation, as well as rounded and centrally located nuclei ( 19 , 21 , 24 , 25 ). Together with the clinical signs of laminitis observed, this confirms that laminitis induction was successful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, natural cases of equine endocrinopathic laminitis are clearly associated with hyperinsulinemia ( 18 ). Inflammation was thought to be limited, with only moderate neutrophil infiltration observed in hoof lamellae of horses with laminitis induced using a hyperinsulinemia model ( 19 ). However, a study by Holbrook and colleagues showed a marked increase in neutrophil oxidative burst activity in obese hyperinsulinemic horses ( 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence of Myeloperoxidase in Lamellar Tissue of Horses Induced by an Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp

et al. 2022

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Laminitis is a pathology of the equine digit leading to a failure of the dermo-epidermal interface. Neutrophil activation is recognized as a major factor in SIRS-associated laminitis. Less is known about the role of neutrophil activation in laminitis associated with metabolic disorders. The aim of this descriptive study was to observe whether myeloperoxidase is increased in the laminae during early stage laminitis in three horses subjected to a prolonged euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (pEHC). After 48 h of pEHC-treatment, horses were subjected to euthanasia. Two healthy horses are used as control. Histological sections of lamellar tissue from all horses were immunohistochemically stained for myeloperoxidase and counterstained with hematoxylin-eosin. Histopathological changes that characterize insulin-induced laminitis and increased presence of myeloperoxidase, especially in the dermal lamellae, were increased in histologic sections of pEHC-treated horses. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase release may contribute to the pathophysiology of endocrinopathic laminitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Myeloperoxidase in Lamellar Tissue of Horses Induced by an Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp

et al. 2022

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Acute phase proteins levels in horses, after a single carbohydrate overload, associated with cecal alkalinization

et al. 2023

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IntroductionHorses submitted to carbohydrate overload can develop laminitis due to changes in cecal pH and microbiota, followed by an increase in transmural absorption of luminal content, including bacterial toxins. In response to acute injury there is hepatic overproduction of several proteins known as acute phase proteins (APP). Few studies have evaluated protein fractionation to characterize the inflammatory response in acute laminitis. The aim of this study was to test the viability of an experimental model to induce acute laminitis, using a single carbohydrate overload, and the influence of a buffering solution on the development of the disease; also, study the kinetics of APP during acute laminitis, as well as the correlation between these proteins and clinical signs associated to this syndrome.MethodsTen healthy horses were divided in a factorial and randomized way into four groups (n = 5): control group (CG), starch group (SG), buffer group (BG), and starch C buffer group (SBG). They were evaluated at seven times (T0h, T4h, T8h, T12h, T24h, T48h, and T72h), which included clinical evaluation and blood sample collection. Total serum protein and albumin concentrations were determined by colorimetry and the other APP by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and commercial ELISA kits. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The correlation between clinical signs and APP were verified using the Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results and discussion40% of the animals from SG and 60% from SBG developed clinical laminitis. A single administration of buffer solution was not able to prevent clinical signs of laminitis. There was no difference between groups on total serum protein, albumin, serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein concentrations (p > 0.05). Transferrin, considered a negative APP, showed a positive response pattern in SG and SBG. Ceruloplasmin had a positive correlation with Obel grade, heart rate on animals from SGB and number of steps on horses submitted to starch overload (SG and SBG). Ceruloplasmin, α-1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin concentrations increased in SBG, suggesting an inflammatory response in animals of this group. Changes in clinical parameters were also more evident in the SBG, corroborating the protein fractionation findings.

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Experimental Models of Laminitis: Hyperinsulinemia

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Presence of Myeloperoxidase in Lamellar Tissue of Horses Induced by an Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp

Presence of Myeloperoxidase in Lamellar Tissue of Horses Induced by an Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp

Acute phase proteins levels in horses, after a single carbohydrate overload, associated with cecal alkalinization

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