Experimental Models of Pancreatitis

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by interstitial edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and acinar cell necrosis, depending on its severity. Regardless of the extent of tissue injury, acute pancreatitis is a completely reversible process with evident normal tissue architecture after recovery. Its pathogenic mechanism has been known to be closely related to intracellular digestive enzyme activation. In contrast to acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis is characterized by irreversible tissue damage such as acinar cell atrophy and pancreatic fibrosis that results in exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. Recently, many studies of chronic pancreatitis have been prompted by the discovery of the pancreatic stellate cell, which has been identified and distinguished as the key effector cell of pancreatic fibrosis. However, investigations into the pathogenesis and treatment of pancreatitis face many obstacles because of its anatomical location and disparate clinical course. Due to these difficulties, most of our knowledge on pancreatitis is based on research conducted using experimental models of pancreatitis. In this review, several experimental models of pancreatitis will be discussed in terms of technique, advantages, and limitations.

General control nonderepressible 2 deletion predisposes to asparaginase-associated pancreatitis in mice

“…pancreatitis is an increase in pancreas mass (25). To assess pancreatic injury, serum amylase was measured; this biochemical marker showed little change among treatment groups (Fig.…”

Up-regulation of Tight-Junction Proteins by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/p53 Inhibition Leads to a Reduction of Injury to the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Severe Acute Pancreatitis

“…Consequently, models must be established according to the purpose of different aspects of the research. 17 Presently, the SAP model induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate is widely accepted as a representative method for investigating the pathophysiology of SAP. 13,17 This method can induce SAP in a relatively short period and has the beneficial characteristics of stability, reproducibility, and comparability.…”

“…17 Presently, the SAP model induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate is widely accepted as a representative method for investigating the pathophysiology of SAP. 13,17 This method can induce SAP in a relatively short period and has the beneficial characteristics of stability, reproducibility, and comparability. In this study, SAP animal models were established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (0.1 mL/100 g) into the pancreatic duct at a constant speed.…”

Carvacrol modulates oxidative stress and decreases cell injury in pancreas of rats with acute pancreatitis

“…Consistent with the enhanced necrosis response in the AP rat compared to their control counterparts, we found a striking increase in both interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the AP pancreas. Pancreatic necrosis has been defined as loss of acinar cells followed by the development of fibrosis (Hyun and Lee 2014). This is most likely the primary cause of the significant deterioration of pancreas function and microcirculation disorders (Banks et al 1996;Alhan et al 2001;Sugimoto et al 2004).…”