Experimental Multiblast Craters and Ejecta—Seismo‐Acoustics, Jet Characteristics, Craters, and Ejecta Deposits and Implications for Volcanic Explosions

Abstract

Volcanic activity causes subsurface explosions at various depths that can have severe consequences for its environment. Explosions can have several causes, such as interaction of externally derived water in direct contact with magma (Zimanowski et al., 2015) or sudden decompression of a magma column, resulting in the rapid release of dissolved volcanic gases (Cashman & Scheu, 2015). But it is possible to evaluate some of their aspects independent from their cause. A sudden, large pressure change propagates at supersonic speed for a certain distance in a medium such as host rock, magma or atmosphere, causing deformation in elastic, plastic and brittle regimes (e.g.,

Analog field-scale acoustic study of volcanic eruption directivity using a tiltable liquid nitrogen-charged water cannon

“…In addition, application of a different cannon design might improve the observational range that could be assessed. For example, use of a cannon apparatus incorporating solid chemical explosive sources (e.g., Goto et al 2001;Bowman et al 2014;Sonder et al 2022), could produce more uniform discharges at greater inclinations. While the use of chemical explosives increases logistical complexity and expense, they would allow assessment of 'dry bed' lateral eruption dynamics.…”

“…The bottles tensile strength was eventually exceeded, causing bottle rupture and rapid expansion and vaporization of the liquid nitrogen. Our experimental design avoided the expense and logistical complexity of chemical explosive experiments (e.g., Goto, et al 2001;Bowman et al 2014;Sonder et al 2022) allowing the generation of multiple example events over a relatively short period.…”