Experimental observation of low threshold optical bistability in exfoliated graphene with low oxidation degree

Sharif, Morteza A.; Ara, M.H. Majles; Ghafary, Bijan; Salmani, S.; Mohajer, Salman

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2016.01.017

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It was predicted 4 in 2007 that, due to the linear energy dispersion of graphene quasi-particles, this material should demonstrate a strongly nonlinear electrodynamic response. This prediction was confirmed in a number of experiments, in which the higher harmonics generation [5][6][7][8][9] , four-wave mixing [10][11][12][13] , saturable absorption [14][15][16][17][18][19] , the Kerr effect [20][21][22][23][24][25] and other nonlinear phenomena [26][27][28][29][30] in graphene have been observed. Theoretically, the higher harmonics generation [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] , nonlinear plasma-wave related effects [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] , nonlinear cyclotron resonance 48,49 , and saturable absorption …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Optical Kerr effect in graphene: Theoretical analysis of the optical heterodyne detection technique

Savostianova

Mikhaǐlov

2018

Phys. Rev. B

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Graphene is an atomically thin two-dimensional material demonstrating strong optical nonlinearities including harmonics generation, four-wave mixing, Kerr, and other nonlinear effects. In this paper we theoretically analyze the optical heterodyne detection (OHD) technique of measuring the optical Kerr effect (OKE) in two-dimensional crystals and show how to relate the quantities measured in such experiments with components of the third-order conductivity tensor σ (3) αβγδ (ω1, ω2, ω3) of the two-dimensional crystal. Using results of a recently developed quantum theory of the third-order nonlinear electrodynamic response of graphene, we analyze the frequency, charge carrier density, temperature, and other dependencies of the OHD-OKE response of this material. We compare our results with a recent OHD-OKE experiment in graphene and find good agreement between the theory and experiment.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Optical Kerr effect in graphene: Theoretical analysis of the optical heterodyne detection technique

Savostianova

Mikhaǐlov

2018

Phys. Rev. B

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“…This is yet another critical outcome of our investigation. These kinds of ramp like bistable states are already observed in plasmon resonance structures [53,54], graphene based structures [55,56], silicon waveguide resonators [57] and plexcitonic systems [58]. But this is the very first time such a OB/OM is observed in a PT -symmetric FBG device, thanks to the judicious balance between the gain and loss.…”

Section: Broken Pt -Symmetric Regime a Influence Of Gain/loss Parametermentioning

confidence: 76%

Multifaceted dynamics and gap solitons in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric periodic structures

Raja,

Govindarajan,

Mahalingam

et al. 2019

Preprint

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We report the role of PT -symmetry in switching characteristics of a highly nonlinear fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with cubic-quintic-septic nonlinearities. We demonstrate that the device shows novel bi-(multi-) stable states in the broken regime as a direct consequence of the shift in the photonic band gap influenced by both PT -symmetry and higher-order nonlinearities. We also numerically depict that such FBGs provide a productive test bed where the broken PT -symmetric regime can be exploited to set up all-optical applications such as binary switches, multi-level signal processing and optical computing. Unlike optical bistability (OB) in the traditional and unbroken PT -symmetric FBG, it exhibits many peculiar features such as flat-top stable states and ramp like input-output characteristics before the onset of OB phenomenon in the broken regime. The gain/loss parameter plays a dual role in controlling the switching intensities between the stable states which is facilitated by reversing the direction of light incidence. We also find that the gain/loss parameter tailors the formation of gap solitons pertaining to transmission resonances which clearly indicates that it can be employed to set up optical storage devices. Moreover, the interplay between gain/loss and higher order nonlinearities brings notable changes in the nonlinear reflection spectra of the system under constant pump powers. The influence of each control parameters on the switching operation is also presented in a nutshell to validate that FBG offers more degrees of freedom in controlling light with light.

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“…Since the last century, graphene has been considered an outstanding electronic and optical material due to its flexibility, robustness, optical transparency, extremely large electron mobility and tuneable nonlinear optical conductivity [80][81][82][83]. Moreover, graphene's intense third-order optical nonlinearity has been quantified to be of order 10 − 11 m 2 /W [84], and its extraordinary plasmonic field enhancements have attracted significant interest in the plasmonic community [80]. Giant optical nonlinearity and OB has also been investigated in graphene [85,86], graphene-silicon waveguide resonator, graphenesilicon photonic crystal cavities and functionalised graphitic carbon nitride [87].…”

Section: Laser-patterned Graphene Photonic Memristorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on photonic memristive neuromorphic computing

et al. 2020

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Neuromorphic computing applies concepts extracted from neuroscience to develop devices shaped like neural systems and achieve brain-like capacity and efficiency. In this way, neuromorphic machines, able to learn from the surrounding environment to deduce abstract concepts and to make decisions, promise to start a technological revolution transforming our society and our life. Current electronic implementations of neuromorphic architectures are still far from competing with their biological counterparts in terms of real-time information-processing capabilities, packing density and energy efficiency. A solution to this impasse is represented by the application of photonic principles to the neuromorphic domain creating in this way the field of neuromorphic photonics. This new field combines the advantages of photonics and neuromorphic architectures to build systems with high efficiency, high interconnectivity and high information density, and paves the way to ultrafast, power efficient and low cost and complex signal processing. In this Perspective, we review the rapid development of the neuromorphic computing field both in the electronic and in the photonic domain focusing on the role and the applications of memristors. We discuss the need and the possibility to conceive a photonic memristor and we offer a positive outlook on the challenges and opportunities for the ambitious goal of realising the next generation of full-optical neuromorphic hardware.

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Experimental observation of low threshold optical bistability in exfoliated graphene with low oxidation degree

Cited by 22 publications

References 46 publications

Optical Kerr effect in graphene: Theoretical analysis of the optical heterodyne detection technique

Optical Kerr effect in graphene: Theoretical analysis of the optical heterodyne detection technique

Multifaceted dynamics and gap solitons in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric periodic structures

Perspective on photonic memristive neuromorphic computing

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