Experimental pain and psychologic status of patients with chest pain with normal coronary arteries or ischemic heart disease

The effect of preprocedure anxiety levels on postprocedure pain scores in women undergoing hysterosalpingography

“…In clinical and experimental studies of pain perception, it has been found that increasing anxiety is often associated with reports of increased pain. 15,16 This relationship is explained by the activation of the adrenergic system. Acute anxiety activates the sympathetic nervous system to relay a neural signal via the hypothalamus to stimulate preganglionic release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.…”

Comparison of three infertility-specific measures in men and women going through assisted reproductive technology treatment

“…State anxiety was assessed through the State Trait Anxiety Inventory -Form Y (Spielberger et al, 1983;Zachariae et al, 2001). This subscale has 20 items measuring anxiety at the moment of response in a 4-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating higher state anxiety symptoms.…”

Normal Coronary Arteries: Clinical Implications and Further Classification

“…In a recent paper by Asbury et al the definition of syndrome X was "patients aged < 80 years with chest pain, positive exercise test for myocardial ischemia and angiographically smooth coronary arteries" [1]. On the other hands, Zachariae et al defined "normal coronary arteries" as "no significant coronary artery stenosis (< 50% luminal narrowing)" [47]. Clearly, with this definition, patients with normal angiography are diluted with those with mild coronary artery disease (CAD) in whom development of subsequent coronary events may simply reflect complication of CAD that was already present.…”