“…(xi) Ecosystem integration: Telecommunications network technologies are becoming more complex with each passing decade than previous generations. In 5G networks, for example, URLLC, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) type communications require specialized technologies (e.g, Massive MIMO [192], coordination algorithms (Carrier Aggregation (CA), Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission/reception [193], Single Frequency Networks [194], Multi-Connectivity), new spectrum (high frequency bands (>20 Ghz) such as from millimeter and terahertz (THz) wavebands to visible light), Device-to-Device [195], dynamic network slicing [196], network virtualization [197], Edge Computing [198], integrated satellite-terrestrial communications [199], [200], intent-based networking [201], etc.) that need to be embedded in telecommunication networks.…”