Experimental Primer on the Trapped Ion Quantum Computer

Monroe, C.; Itano, Wayne M.; King, Brian; Leibfried, D.; Meekhof, D. M.; Myatt, C. J.; Wood, C. S.

doi:10.1002/3527603093.ch3

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These include well characterized qubits, long decoherence, and the ability to initialize, measure and perform a universal set of gates [9,27,31,38]. Experimental results with ion traps have demonstrated all the requirements of a viable quantum technology for realistic quantum computation [3,6,13,37,50], as laid down in the DiVincenzo criteria [12].…”

Section: Ion Trap Technologymentioning

confidence: 91%

Compiler Management of Communication and Parallelism for Quantum Computation

Heckey

Patil

Javadi-Abhari

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

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Quantum computing (QC) offers huge promise to accelerate a range of computationally intensive benchmarks. Quantum computing is limited, however, by the challenges of decoherence: i.e., a quantum state can only be maintained for short windows of time before it decoheres. While quantum error correction codes can protect against decoherence, fast execution time is the best defense against decoherence, so efficient architectures and effective scheduling algorithms are necessary. This paper proposes the Multi-SIMD QC architecture and then proposes and evaluates effective schedulers to map benchmark descriptions onto Multi-SIMD architectures. The Multi-SIMD model consists of a small number of SIMD regions, each of which may support operations on up to thousands of qubits per cycle.Efficient Multi-SIMD operation requires efficient scheduling. This work develops schedulers to reduce communication requirements of qubits between operating regions, while also improving parallelism.We find that communication to global memory is a dominant cost in QC. We also note that many quantum benchmarks have long serial operation paths (although each operation may be data parallel). To exploit this characteristic, we introduce LongestPath-First Scheduling (LPFS) which pins operations to SIMD regions to keep data in-place and reduce communication to memory.Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. ASPLOS '15, March 14-18, 2015, Istanbul, Turkey. Copyright c 2015 ACM 978-1-4503-2835-7/15/03. . . $15.00. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145 The use of small, local scratchpad memories also further reduces communication. Our results show a 3% to 308% improvement for LPFS over conventional scheduling algorithms, and an additional 3% to 64% improvement using scratchpad memories. Our work is the most comprehensive software-to-quantum toolflow published to date, with efficient and practical scheduling techniques that reduce communication and increase parallelism for full-scale quantum code executing up to a trillion quantum gate operations.

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Section: Ion Trap Technologymentioning

confidence: 91%

Compiler Management of Communication and Parallelism for Quantum Computation

Heckey

Patil

Javadi-Abhari

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

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“…By detuning ω L from resonance while keeping Δ GS = 0, driving the lambda system produces adiabatic energy shifts of the bright state during the laser pulse without modifying the dark state energy, generating unitary spin rotations (8,9,16,20,40) along the dark/ bright state Bloch sphere axis. To drive rotations about an equatorial axis, we tune the two equal-intensity (tan(θ/2) = 1) driving fields at an optical Rabi frequency, Ω ∼60 MHz to be centered between the jR e1 〉 and jL e1 〉 resonances.…”

Section: Arbitrary-axis Spin Rotations Via Srtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This configuration, consisting of two lower energy states coherently coupled to a single excited state, has been observed in a wide array of systems including atoms (1), trapped ions, diamond nitrogenvacancy (NV) centers (2-4), quantum dots (5), superconducting phase quantum bits (qubits) (6), and optomechanical resonators (7). In trapped ions, Λ systems can additionally be exploited to drive stimulated Raman transitions (SRTs) providing unitary rotations of the qubit state (8,9). This versatile structure also forms the framework for a variety of other important advances in quantum science such as electromagnetically induced transparency (10), slow light (11), atomic clocks (12), laser cooling (13), and spin-photon entanglement (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

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All-optical control of a solid-state spin using coherent dark states

Yale

Buckley

Christle

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

121

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The study of individual quantum systems in solids, for use as quantum bits (qubits) and probes of decoherence, requires protocols for their initialization, unitary manipulation, and readout. In many solid-state quantum systems, these operations rely on disparate techniques that can vary widely depending on the particular qubit structure. One such qubit, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin in diamond, can be initialized and read out through its special spin-selective intersystem crossing, while microwave electron spin resonance techniques provide unitary spin rotations. Instead, we demonstrate an alternative, fully optical approach to these control protocols in an NV center that does not rely on its intersystem crossing. By tuning an NV center to an excited-state spin anticrossing at cryogenic temperatures, we use coherent population trapping and stimulated Raman techniques to realize initialization, readout, and unitary manipulation of a single spin. Each of these techniques can be performed directly along any arbitrarily chosen quantum basis, removing the need for extra control steps to map the spin to and from a preferred basis. Combining these protocols, we perform measurements of the NV center's spin coherence, a demonstration of this full optical control. Consisting solely of optical pulses, these techniques enable control within a smaller footprint and within photonic networks. Likewise, this unified approach obviates the need for both electron spin resonance manipulation and spin addressability through the intersystem crossing. This method could therefore be applied to a wide range of potential solid-state qubits, including those which currently lack a means to be addressed. quantum control | quantum optics | semiconductor defects | spintronics T o explore control of individual quantum states, our experiments exploit coherent dark resonances that occur in a basic quantum mechanical-level configuration known as a lambda (Λ) system. This configuration, consisting of two lower energy states coherently coupled to a single excited state, has been observed in a wide array of systems including atoms (1), trapped ions, diamond nitrogenvacancy (NV) centers (2-4), quantum dots (5), superconducting phase quantum bits (qubits) (6), and optomechanical resonators (7). In trapped ions, Λ systems can additionally be exploited to drive stimulated Raman transitions (SRTs) providing unitary rotations of the qubit state (8, 9). This versatile structure also forms the framework for a variety of other important advances in quantum science such as electromagnetically induced transparency (10), slow light (11), atomic clocks (12), laser cooling (13), and spin-photon entanglement (14).Here, we use time-resolved methods and quantum state tomography to explore the dynamics of various optically driven processes within a solid-state Λ system (Fig. 1A). This allows us to demonstrate three all-optical quantum control (9, 15, 16) protocols for a single NV center: initialization, unitary rotation, and readout of its spin state. Our Λ s...

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“…Thus, a two-beam Raman scheme via a third virtual level is required in order to resolve the individual sublevels. Experiments in this configuration with Beryllium ions 9 Be + were performed in Boulder [1, 22,26].…”

Section: Laser-ion Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold trapped ions as quantum information processors

Šašura

Bužek

2002

Journal of Modern Optics

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In this tutorial we review physical implementation of quantum computing using a system of cold trapped ions. We discuss systematically all the aspects for making the implementation possible. Firstly, we go through the loading and confining of atomic ions in the linear Paul trap, then we describe the collective vibrational motion of trapped ions. Further, we discuss interactions of the ions with a laser beam. We treat the interactions in the travelling-wave and standing-wave configuration for dipole and quadrupole transitions. We review different types of laser cooling techniques associated with trapped ions. We address Doppler cooling, sideband cooling in and beyond the Lamb-Dicke limit, sympathetic cooling and laser cooling using electromagnetically induced transparency. After that we discuss the problem of state detection using the electron shelving method. Then quantum gates are described. We introduce single-qubit rotations, two-qubit controlled-NOT and multi-qubit controlled-NOT gates. We also comment on more advanced multi-qubit logic gates. We describe how quantum logic networks may be used for the synthesis of arbitrary pure quantum states. Finally, we discuss the speed of quantum gates and we also give some numerical estimations for them. A discussion of dynamics on off-resonant transitions associated with a qualitative estimation of the weak coupling regime and of the Lamb-Dicke regime is included in Appendix.

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Experimental Primer on the Trapped Ion Quantum Computer

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Compiler Management of Communication and Parallelism for Quantum Computation

Compiler Management of Communication and Parallelism for Quantum Computation

All-optical control of a solid-state spin using coherent dark states

Cold trapped ions as quantum information processors

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