Experimental properties of complexity in traffic flow

Kerner, Boris S.; Rehborn, Hubert

doi:10.1103/physreve.53.r4275

Cited by 455 publications

(351 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover, it is possible that two or more jams coexist on a highway. A more detailed analysis of traffic jams in absence of hindrances has been given by Kerner and Rehborn [37][38][39] who pointed out the following characteristic features of wide jams. They found that the upstream velocity and, therefore, the outflow from a jam is approximately constant.…”

Section: Formation and Characterization Of Traffic Jamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nature of the congested traffic is still under debate. Careful empirical observations in the recent years indicate the existence of two different congested phases, namely, the synchronized phase and the stop-and-go traffic phase [38,39,[42][43][44]. Vehicles move rather slowly in the synchronized states, as compared to the free-flow states, but the flux in the synchronized states can take a values close to the optimum value because of relatively small headways.…”

Section: Microscopic States Of Traffic Flow and Phase Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stop-and-go traffic differs from the synchronized states in the sense that every vehicle inside the jams come to a complete halt for a certain period of time. Following Kerner three different types of synchronized traffic can be distringuished by the time-dependent behaviour of the density and flow [38,39,44]. In synchronized traffic of type (i) constant values of density and flow can be observed during a long period of time.…”

Section: Microscopic States Of Traffic Flow and Phase Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems

2000

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In the so-called "microscopic" models of vehicular traffic, attention is paid explicitly to each individual vehicle each of which is represented by a "particle"; the nature of the "interactions" among these particles is determined by the way the vehicles influence each others' movement. Therefore, vehicular traffic, modeled as a system of interacting "particles" driven far from equilibrium, offers the possibility to study various fundamental aspects of truly nonequilibrium systems which are of current interest in statistical physics. Analytical as well as numerical techniques of statistical physics are being used to study these models to understand rich variety of physical phenomena exhibited by vehicular traffic. Some of these phenomena, observed in vehicular traffic under different circumstances, include transitions from one dynamical phase to another, criticality and self-organized criticality, metastability and hysteresis, phase-segregation, etc. In this critical review, written from the perspective of statistical physics, we explain the guiding principles behind all the main theoretical approaches. But we present detailed discussions on the results obtained mainly from the so-called "particle-hopping" models, particularly emphasizing those which have been formulated in recent years using the language of cellular automata.

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Section: Formation and Characterization Of Traffic Jamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microscopic States Of Traffic Flow and Phase Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microscopic States Of Traffic Flow and Phase Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems

2000

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“…In view of the rich phenomenologies of the two model classes in particular near an on-ramp, the distinction of the two classes is admittedly a bit simplified at this point, but a more detailed comparison will be given in Sec. 5.…”

Section: The Fundamental Diagram Approach and Cellular Automata Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In empirical investigations congested traffic shows a very complex spatial-temporal behaviour (see the reviews [1,2,3,4]). Based on a recent empirical study [5,6] Kerner found out that in congested traffic two different traffic phases should be distinguished: "synchronized flow" and "wide moving jam". Therefore, there are three traffic phases: 1. free flow, 2. synchronized flow, 3. wide moving jam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular automata approach to three-phase traffic theory

Kerner

Klenov

Wolf³

2002

J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.

416

214

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Abstract. The cellular automata (CA) approach to traffic modeling is extended to allow for spatially homogeneous steady state solutions that cover a two dimensional region in the flow-density plane. Hence these models fulfill a basic postulate of a three-phase traffic theory proposed by Kerner. This is achieved by a synchronization distance, within which a vehicle always tries to adjust its speed to the one of the vehicle in front. In the CA models presented, the modelling of the free and safe speeds, the slow-to-start rules as well as some contributions to noise are based on the ideas of the Nagel-Schreckenberg type modelling. It is shown that the proposed CA models can be very transparent and still reproduce the two main types of congested patterns (the general pattern and the synchronized flow pattern) as well as their dependence on the flows near an on-ramp, in qualitative agreement with the recently developed continuum version of the three-phase traffic theory [B. S. Kerner and S. L. Klenov. 2002. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35, L31]. These features are qualitatively different than in previously considered CA traffic models. The probability of the breakdown phenomenon (i.e., of the phase transition from free flow to synchronized flow) as function of the flow rate to the on-ramp and of the flow rate on the road upstream of the on-ramp is investigated. The capacity drops at the on-ramp which occur due to the formation of different congested patterns are calculated. Cellular automata2

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2008

Physics of Stochastic Processes

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Experimental properties of complexity in traffic flow

Cited by 455 publications

References 9 publications

Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems

Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems

Cellular automata approach to three-phase traffic theory

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