Experimental real-time optimization of a solid oxide fuel cell stack via constraint adaptation

Bunin, Gene A.; Wuillemin, Zacharie; François, Grégory; Nakajo, Arata; Tsikonis, Leonidas; Bonvin, Dominique

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.04.033

Cited by 57 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…On the other hand, thermal equilibration is much slower. The fast RTO approach in [53] is very simple and uses CA. The RTO period is set somewhere between the time scale of the electrochemical reaction and the time scale of the thermal process.…”

Section: Use Of Transient Measurements For Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modifier Adaptation for Real-Time Optimization—Methods and Applications

et al. 2016

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This paper presents an overview of the recent developments of modifier-adaptation schemes for real-time optimization of uncertain processes. These schemes have the ability to reach plant optimality upon convergence despite the presence of structural plant-model mismatch. Modifier Adaptation has its origins in the technique of Integrated System Optimization and Parameter Estimation, but differs in the definition of the modifiers and in the fact that no parameter estimation is required. This paper reviews the fundamentals of Modifier Adaptation and provides an overview of several variants and extensions. Furthermore, the paper discusses different methods for estimating the required gradients (or modifiers) from noisy measurements. We also give an overview of the application studies available in the literature. Finally, the paper briefly discusses open issues so as to promote future research in this area.

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Section: Use Of Transient Measurements For Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of fast RTO via CA was introduced and applied to an experimental solid oxide fuel-cell stack in the presence of operating constraints and plant-model mismatch [53]. Solid oxide fuel-cell stacks are, roughly speaking, electrochemical reactors embedded in a furnace.…”

Section: Use Of Transient Measurements For Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifier Adaptation for Real-Time Optimization—Methods and Applications

et al. 2016

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“…Although this worked sometimes, it also led to significant "large misses" when the CAES storage volume reached minimum or maximum capacity, leading to all flexibility in the system being lost instantaneously [11]- [13]. The concept of real-time optimization [16]- [19] being used in chemical plants and even with small SOFC experimental setups [20] led to the eventual development of a rolling horizon optimization (RHO) technique that uses forecasts of future demand to optimally plan the next series of control moves based on the operating and storage constraints of the SOFC/CAES system [21]. With this approach, the system would predict a potential problem and then avoid it by scheduling a series of "small misses" over time in order to prevent a more serious large miss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a two-level rolling horizon optimization scheme to a solid-oxide fuel cell and compressed air energy storage plant for the optimal supply of zero-emissions peaking power

Nease

Monteiro

Adams

2016

Computers & Chemical Engineering

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The following article is a "post-print" of an article accepted for publication in an Elsevier journal.Nease J, Montiero N, Adams TA II. Application of a two-level rolling horizon optimization scheme to a solid-oxide fuel cell and compressed air energy storage plant for the optimal supply of zero-emissions peaking power, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 94:235-249 (2016) The post-print is not the final version of the article. It is the unformatted version which was submitted for peer review, and may contain any changes made as the result of reviewer feedback. It does not contain any corrections made during the proofing and typesetting stages. Therefore, there may be minor differences between this version and the final version of record.The final, official version of the article can be downloaded from the journal's website via this DOI link when it becomes available (subscription or purchase may be required): AbstractWe present a new two-level rolling horizon optimization framework applied to a zeroemissions coal-fueled solid-oxide fuel cell power plant with compressed air energy storage for peaking applications. Simulations are performed where the scaled hourly demand for the year 2014 from the Ontario, Canada market is met as closely as possible. It was found that the proposed twolevel strategy, by slowly adjusting the SOFC stack power upstream of the storage section, can improve load-following performance by 86% compared to the single-level optimization method proposed previously. A performance analysis indicates that the proposed approach uses the available storage volume to almost its maximum potential, with little improvement possible without changing the system itself. Further improvement to load-following is possible by increasing storage volumes, but with diminishing returns. Using an economically-focused objective function can improve annual revenue generation by as much as 6.5%, but not without a significant drop-off in load-following performance.

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“…As the stack temperature has been recognized to have significant impacts on the cell lifespan, some studies have improved the constant temperature model by including the energy balance equation. It was reported in [29][30][31] that the temperature can be maintained within a safe range by regulating the air flow rate. Vijay et al [30] showed that the response of the stack temperature is in the order of several minutes when the stack current has a step change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Load Tracking Control of a Grid-Connected Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Maximum Electrical Efficiency Operation

Zhu³

2015

Energies

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Based on the benchmark solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) dynamic model for power system studies and the analysis of the SOFC operating conditions, the nonlinear programming (NLP) optimization method was used to determine the maximum electrical efficiency of the grid-connected SOFC subject to the constraints of fuel utilization factor, stack temperature and output active power. The optimal operating conditions of the grid-connected SOFC were obtained by solving the NLP problem considering the power consumed by the air compressor. With the optimal operating conditions of the SOFC for the maximum efficiency operation obtained at different active power output levels, a hierarchical load tracking control scheme for the grid-connected SOFC was proposed to realize the maximum electrical efficiency operation with the stack temperature bounded. The hierarchical control scheme consists of a fast active power control and a slower stack temperature control. The active power control was developed by using a decentralized control method. The efficiency of the proposed hierarchical control scheme was demonstrated by case studies using the benchmark SOFC dynamic model.

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Experimental real-time optimization of a solid oxide fuel cell stack via constraint adaptation

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Modifier Adaptation for Real-Time Optimization—Methods and Applications

Modifier Adaptation for Real-Time Optimization—Methods and Applications

Application of a two-level rolling horizon optimization scheme to a solid-oxide fuel cell and compressed air energy storage plant for the optimal supply of zero-emissions peaking power

Hierarchical Load Tracking Control of a Grid-Connected Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Maximum Electrical Efficiency Operation

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