Experimental Research of Selected Lattice Structures Developed with 3D Printing Technology

Bogusz, Paweł; Popławski, Arkadiusz; Stankiewicz, Michał; Kowalski, Bartłomiej

doi:10.3390/ma15010378

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The specific energy absorption (SEA)

of a structure is one of the most helpful measures for determining a structure’s capability to absorb energy per unit mass. The SEA was calculated by dividing the EA by the mass of the lattice structure (m), as in Equation (2) [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The area under the stress–strain curve of each sample was measured up to 60% ε and was calculated using MATLAB R2022a.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression Performance and Failure Analysis of 3D-Printed Carbon Fiber/PLA Composite TPMS Lattice Structures

et al. 2022

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Triply periodic minimum surface (TPMS)-based lattice structures have gained interest for their outstanding capacity to absorb energy, their high load-bearing capacity, and their high surface-to-volume ratio. This study considered three TPMS cell topologies, including Diamond, Gyroid, and Primitive. The FDM process was used to print the lattice structures with two materials: pure polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon fiber-reinforced PLA (PLA + CF). The influence of carbon fiber (CF) incorporation, unit cell type (topologies) and size, and relative density (RD) on mechanical properties and failure patterns were explored comprehensively under uniaxial compression testing. The results demonstrate a change in the compressive modulus (0.09 to 0.47 GPa), compressive strength (2.98 to 13.89 MPa), and specific energy absorption (SEA) (0.14 MJ/m3/g to 0.58 MJ/m3/g) due to the influence of CF incorporation, cell type and size, and RD. Results indicate that the Diamond structure outperformed both Primitive and Gyroid structures in terms of compressive modulus and strength, and SEA. All the CF-based TPMS structures showed a higher compressive modulus. Compressive strength and energy absorption capacity were both slightly enhanced in most PLA + CF-based Diamond structures. On the contrary, Gyroid and Primitive structures showed better performance for pure PLA-based structures in terms of compression strength and specific absorption energy.

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“…The specific energy absorption (SEA)

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression Performance and Failure Analysis of 3D-Printed Carbon Fiber/PLA Composite TPMS Lattice Structures

et al. 2022

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“…In terms of 3D-printer-fabricated lattice structures, there are mainly morphological, mechanical, finite element studies, where the authors investigated the strength of different shapes [ 2 , 7 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Several authors have studied the effects of pore size on bone ingrowth [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns

et al. 2023

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In this study, metal 3D printing technology was used to create lattice-shaped test specimens of orthopedic implants to determine the effect of different lattice shapes on bone ingrowth. Six different lattice shapes were used: gyroid, cube, cylinder, tetrahedron, double pyramid, and Voronoi. The lattice-structured implants were produced from Ti6Al4V alloy using direct metal laser sintering 3D printing technology with an EOS M290 printer. The implants were implanted into the femoral condyles of sheep, and the animals were euthanized 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. To determine the degree of bone ingrowth for different lattice-shaped implants, mechanical, histological, and image processing tests on ground samples and optical microscopic images were performed. In the mechanical test, the force required to compress the different lattice-shaped implants and the force required for a solid implant were compared, and significant differences were found in several instances. Statistically evaluating the results of our image processing algorithm, it was found that the digitally segmented areas clearly consisted of ingrown bone tissue; this finding is also supported by the results of classical histological processing. Our main goal was realized, so the bone ingrowth efficiencies of the six lattice shapes were ranked. It was found that the gyroid, double pyramid, and cube-shaped lattice implants had the highest degree of bone tissue growth per unit time. This ranking of the three lattice shapes remained the same at both 8 and 12 weeks after euthanasia. In accordance with the study, as a side project, a new image processing algorithm was developed that proved suitable for determining the degree of bone ingrowth in lattice implants from optical microscopic images. Along with the cube lattice shape, whose high bone ingrowth values have been previously reported in many studies, it was found that the gyroid and double pyramid lattice shapes produced similarly good results.

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“…The gyroid is constituted of TPMSs, which have a better surface area-to-volume ratio (a primary requirement for better thermal energy transfer), strongly ordered and interconnected pore network making them suitable for use as heat sinks and exchangers. 2,3 A lattice is a porous architecture made up of repetitions of unit cells, 4,5 that can be tessellated in any direction without gaps between cells 6 and has excellent properties such as lightweight, high strength, 7,8 large surface area (heat exchanger), 9 low stress at high deformation (energy absorbers), 10 and internal resonant volume (sound resonators). 11 Considering an angle of association of around 38.01°, "the gyroid is the unique non-trivial embedded element of the Schwarz P and D surface" associate linked group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lattice is a porous architecture made up of repetitions of unit cells, 4,5 that can be tessellated in any direction without gaps between cells 6 and has excellent properties such as lightweight, high strength, 7,8 large surface area (heat exchanger), 9 low stress at high deformation (energy absorbers), 10 and internal resonant volume (sound resonators). 11 Considering an angle of association of around 38.01°, “the gyroid is the unique non-trivial embedded element of the Schwarz P and D surface” associate linked group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designs, advancements, and applications of three-dimensional printed gyroid structures: A review

Chouhan

Murali

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Lattice structures play a key role in influencing the mechanical and thermal properties of many applications. Knowing the importance of lattice structure and its influence on mechanical and thermal properties, this article discussed the triply periodic minimal surface-based gyroid shapes, their design, manufacturability, and difficulties while printing with the additive manufacturing process. This review also emphasizes the impact of changing the structure and additive manufacturing process parameters like porosity, wall thickness, unit cell size, infill, and gradient ratio on the mechanical and thermal properties of the printed parts. This study discussed the advantages and disadvantages of replacing conventional structures with bio-inspired gyroid structures and their effects on mechanical and thermal properties. This review also brought a comparative study between gyroid and other existing lattice structures in terms of mechanical and thermal properties and suggestions are been made to use gyroid shapes compared to existing lattice structures for improved thermal mechanical for different applications like biomedical, structural, and heat transfer fields. In this review article, a multitude of research areas could help the researcher to easily decide the appropriate application-based gyroid structure.

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Experimental Research of Selected Lattice Structures Developed with 3D Printing Technology

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Compression Performance and Failure Analysis of 3D-Printed Carbon Fiber/PLA Composite TPMS Lattice Structures

Compression Performance and Failure Analysis of 3D-Printed Carbon Fiber/PLA Composite TPMS Lattice Structures

Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns

Designs, advancements, and applications of three-dimensional printed gyroid structures: A review

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