Electromagnetic rheological damping control system, as an important control technology, has been widely used in braking, vibration reduction and micro-valve etc. However, the electromagnetic rheological damping control system faces issues of electromagnetic interference due to the high voltage source. To solve this problem, we proposed a novel optically controlled electrorheological fluid damping system. Previous studies have confirmed the feasibility of the optically controlled electrorheological fluid damping control system via numerical simulation and experiment. In this paper, the mechanism and mathematical model of the optically controlled electrorheological fluid damping system are established. The influence factor analyses of the optically controlled damping system, especially the impact of light intensity and microchannel size on system performance, are carried out through experimental and theoretical methods. The research findings of influence factors contribute to a deeper understanding of the working principle of the electrorheological fluid damping system, thereby promoting stability and reliability in microfluidics technology.