Experimental Results of Breaking Wave Impact on a Vertical Wall With an Overhanging Horizontal Cantilever Slab

Abstract

Physical experiments (at a scale of 1/20) are carried out using a vertical wall with horizontal cantilevering slab. Tests are conducted for a range of values of water depth, wave period and wave height. A parametric analysis of measured forces ‫ܨ(‬ and ‫ܨ‬ ௩ ) both on the vertical and horizontal part of the scaled model respectively is conducted. The highest impact pressure and forces are measured in the case of breaking waves with a small air trap. Maximum pressures are measured around SWL and at the corner of the scaled model. The horizontal part of the scaled model is more exposed to impact waves than the vertical part. ‫ܨ‬ and ‫ܨ‬ ௩ are very sensitive for the variation of water depth (݄ ௦ ) and wave height (H) while variation of wave period (T) has a rather limited effect.

Load and resistance factors from reliability analysis Probability of Unsatisfactory Performance (PUP) of flood mitigation, batter pile-founded T-Walls given a target reliability index (𝛽)

“…The mean FM/FC value of the Garcia (1968) dataset increased from the Goda (1973) and Cuomo et al (2010a) datasets by approximately 500% and the value of standard deviation by approximately 1,000%. Again, both the datasets of Kisacik et al (2010) and Garcia (1968) confirm increasing uncertainty in the Goda-Takashi predictive method with increasing Hi/dSWL. Goda (1972) investigated wave pressure exerted on a vertical wall in relation to the wave transition from non-breaking to post-breaking.…”

“…Consequently, some error can be attributed to the digitizing effort. The data used in this analysis originate from Garcia (1968), Goda (1973), Cuomo et al (2010a) and Kisacik et al (2010). Figure 5-28 shows the binned distribution of the ratio of total force measured (FM) to total force calculated (FC) using the Goda-Takahashi method with a total of 926 data points from all four datasets combined.…”

“…The mean of FM/FC for both datasets was found to be close to 1.0 (Goda 0.9 and Cuomo 0.97). The dataset of Kisacik et al (2010) investigated the mid to upper range of Hi/dSWL and comprised approximately 65% of the data in all four datasets. The mean FM/FC value of the Kisacik et al (2010) dataset increased from the Goda (1978) and Cuomo et al (2010a) datasets by approximately 65% and the value of standard deviation by more than 400%.…”

“…The dataset of Kisacik et al (2010) investigated the mid to upper range of Hi/dSWL and comprised approximately 65% of the data in all four datasets. The mean FM/FC value of the Kisacik et al (2010) dataset increased from the Goda (1978) and Cuomo et al (2010a) datasets by approximately 65% and the value of standard deviation by more than 400%. This finding helps to confirm the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) R&D team's observation of the increase in uncertainty (COV) of the Goda-Takashi predictive method with increasing Hi/dSWL.…”

“…For example, in the 1960s when much of the original Goda and Garcia research was conducted, paper chart recorders were often employed. These recorders were realistically limited to sampling rates of less than 1 KHz, while in recent studies, 20 KHz sampling rates of peak wave pressure are often reported, such as in the case of Kisacik et. al.…”