Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills under combined quasi-static in-plane and out-of-plane seismic loading

Butenweg, Christoph; Marinković, Marko; Salatić, Ratko

doi:10.1007/s10518-019-00602-7

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The latter experimental work, with regard to IP tests, was further deepened in a recent publication (Morandi et al, 2018a), where the performances of strong (thick) and weak (thin) infill walls are also compared, with the ultimate goal of providing useful indications for the design and verification of these non-structural elements in seismic areas. Finally, more recently, Butenweg et al (2019) performed quasi-static cyclic tests on strong masonry infills by means of separate, sequential, and combined IP and OOP loading, thus assessing the effects of the loading conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Testing and Numerical Modeling of Robust Unreinforced and Reinforced Clay Masonry Infill Walls, With and Without Openings

Porto

Donà

Verlato

et al. 2020

Front. Built Environ.

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This paper presents an overview of the experimental results obtained by combined in-plane/out-of-plane (IP/OOP) tests carried out on robust clay masonry infill walls. The combined tests were carried out on eight full-scale one-bay, one-story infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames, plus one reference RC bare frame. In four cases, the masonry walls fully fill the RC frame: two walls are made of unreinforced masonry (URM), whereas the other two are made of reinforced masonry (RM), with both vertical and horizontal reinforcement. Each pair of specimens was tested up to different levels of IP drift before carrying out the OOP tests. Four other specimens, still made of URM and RM walls, are characterized by the presence of a central opening, and in one case, the effect of a lintel is analyzed. On the basis of the tests carried out, an analytical model was developed for the analysis of the OOP behavior. It was used to calibrate IP damage degradation models based on the experimental results to define limits for the applicability of well-known flexural and arching mechanism models for the evaluation of the OOP capacity of the infill walls and to evaluate the efficiency of vertical reinforcement. In this work, the experimental campaign is presented, and the results of both experimental tests and numerical analyses are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Testing and Numerical Modeling of Robust Unreinforced and Reinforced Clay Masonry Infill Walls, With and Without Openings

Porto

Donà

Verlato

et al. 2020

Front. Built Environ.

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“…Recently, Butenweg et al [103] carried out an experimental campaign of combined IP-OOP tests in full-scale RC frames filled with high thermal insulating clay brick. e main novelty of this experimental investigation is the simultaneous application of the IP and OOP loadings.…”

Section: Out-of-plane Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Findings and Open Issues concerning the Seismic Behaviour of Masonry Infill Walls in RC Buildings

Furtado

Risi

2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

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e extension of the damages observed after the last major earthquakes shows that the seismic risk mitigation of infilled reinforced concrete structures is a paramount topic in seismic prone regions. In the assessment of existing structures and the design of new ones, the infill walls are considered as nonstructural elements by most of the seismic codes and, generally, comprehensive provisions for practitioners are missing. However, nowadays, it is well recognized by the community the importance of the infills in the seismic behaviour of the reinforced concrete structures. Accurate modelling strategies and appropriate seismic assessment methodologies are crucial to understand the behaviour of existing buildings and to develop efficient and appropriate mitigation measures to prevent high level of damages, casualties, and economic losses. e development of effective strengthening solutions to improve the infill seismic behaviour and proper analytical formulations that could help design engineers are still open issues, among others, on this topic. e main aim of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review concerning the typologies of damages observed in the last earthquakes where the causes and possible solutions are discussed. After that, a review of in-plane and out-of-plane testing campaigns from the literature on infilled reinforced concrete frames are presented as well as their relevant findings. e most common strengthening solutions to improve the seismic behaviour are presented, and some examples are discussed. Finally, a brief summary of the modelling strategies available in the literature is presented.

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“…These interventions improve the in-plane and out-of-plane resistance without reducing the possible negative interaction effects between the infill and the frame. The second category of modern solutions found in literature (e.g., FEMA E-71 1 ; Tsantilis and Triantafillou, 2013;Canbay et al, 2018;Binici et al, 2019;Butenweg et al, 2019) aims at uncoupling the infills from the structure by using deformable joints at the panel-structure interface (see examples in Figure 1B). These solutions often require the adoption of out-of-plane restraints to guarantee the out-of-plane stability of the panel.…”

Section: Ductile Masonry Infill Solution In Past and Recent Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Strategies of Ductile Masonry Infills for the Reduction of the Seismic Vulnerability of RC Frames

Milanesi

Hemmat

Morandi

et al. 2020

Front. Built Environ.

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The threat to human lives and the economic losses due to high seismic vulnerability of non-engineered traditional masonry infills subjected to earthquakes have been highlighted by several post-seismic surveys and experimental and numerical investigations. In the past decades, researchers have proposed different techniques to mitigate problems related to the seismic vulnerability of traditional masonry infills; however, a viable, practical, and universally accepted solution has not been achieved yet. Among the possible innovative techniques, the one using ductile (or pliable) infills have shown promising results in recent experimental tests. These infills have provided, indeed, a reduced in-plane stiffness and a very high displacement capacity. The research units of the University of Pavia/EUCENTRE (Italy) and the University of Newcastle (Australia) have proposed two different systems for ductile masonry infill based on dividing the masonry panel into a number of segments interconnected through horizontal sliding joints. The ductile masonry infill proposed by the University of Pavia subdivides the masonry panel into four horizontal subpanels using specially engineered sliding joints and presents a deformable mortar at the infill/structure interface, while the one conceived by the University of Newcastle is made of mortar-less specially shaped masonry units capable of sliding on all bed joints. The experiments conducted on the two novel systems have permitted the calibration of two numerical macromodels capable to replicate the overall in-plane seismic response of these ductile masonry infills. One approach is based on a spring model, as usually adopted for traditional masonry infill; the other calibrates the response of a semi-active damper model. The calibrated macromodel approaches have been adopted to demonstrate the enhanced behavior and the reduction of the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures with the employment of the ductile infills in comparison to structures with non-engineered masonry infills.

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Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills under combined quasi-static in-plane and out-of-plane seismic loading

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

Experimental Testing and Numerical Modeling of Robust Unreinforced and Reinforced Clay Masonry Infill Walls, With and Without Openings

Experimental Testing and Numerical Modeling of Robust Unreinforced and Reinforced Clay Masonry Infill Walls, With and Without Openings

Recent Findings and Open Issues concerning the Seismic Behaviour of Masonry Infill Walls in RC Buildings

Modeling Strategies of Ductile Masonry Infills for the Reduction of the Seismic Vulnerability of RC Frames

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