Experimental Review of Graphene

Abstract

This review examines the properties of graphene from an experimental perspective. The intent is to review the most important experimental results at a level of detail appropriate for new graduate students who are interested in a general overview of the fascinating properties of graphene. While some introductory theoretical concepts are provided, including a discussion of the electronic band structure and phonon dispersion, the main emphasis is on describing relevant experiments and important results as well as some of the novel applications of graphene. In particular, this review covers graphene synthesis and characterization, field-effect behavior, electronic transport properties, magnetotransport, integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, mechanical properties, transistors, optoelectronics, graphene-based sensors, and biosensors. This approach attempts to highlight both the means by which the current understanding of graphene has come about and some tools for future contributions.

High-performance solution of the transport problem in a graphene armchair structure with a generic potential

“…The availability of techniques suitable for the simulation of large-area graphene structures is also essential for a direct comparison with transport and noise measurements performed on micron-sized flakes (see for example Refs. [23][24][25][26]). …”

Plasmonic excitations in Coulomb-coupledN-layer graphene structures

“…These unique characteristics lead to numerous of extraordinary new phenomena in graphene such as the Klein tunneling 5 , the ambipolar field effect 1,6 , the finite minimum conductivity 2,7 , the ultra-high mobility 8,9 , and the anomalous quantum Hall effect 2,10 . With these novel properties 11,12 , graphene presents itself as an extremely promising candidatematerial for future generation of electronics 13,14 .…”

Polygonal current models for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and graphene sheets of various shapes

“…In fact, graphene can conduct electricity more effectively than copper, which implicates great potential and prospects for countless technological applications. Peculiar aspects of conductivity [7][8][9] and special mobility, [10][11][12][13] magnetotransport, and quantum Hall effect [1] have been investigated.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Graphene films are endowed with amazing mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetical, and optical characteristics, resulting from the remarkable hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms shaped by a substrate of r-bonds, in which electrons are hybridized in an sp 2 configuration.…”