Experimental saccular aneurysms

Abstract

A new technique for surgical construction of experimental lateral saccular aneurysms on the common carotid artery of swine is described. It involves end-to-side suturing of an isolated segment of vein to an artery. During a short period of parent artery clamping, an elliptical arteriotomy is fashioned through the open-ended vein graft, the open end of which is subsequently tied and clamps are removed to form an aneurysmal vein pouch. The principal advantage of this technique is the short period of vascular clamping necessary to isolate a segment of the parent artery. This prevents severe endothelial injury and prolonged postoperative vasospasm, both of which may promote intra-aneurysmal thrombosis. Narrow- or wide-necked aneurysms can be created. Steps in the surgical construction of this model are detailed, and specific advantages of using swine are highlighted.

In Vivo Experimental Intracranial Aneurysm Models: A Systematic Review

“…9,35 We noted spontaneous thrombosis between 2 and 7 weeks of lateral wall swine aneurysms (n ϭ 5). 13,35 Aneurysm patency was reported in 5/12 canine bifurcation aneurysm studies, in 6/9 on bifurcation and lateral wall aneurysms, and in 21/34 on lateral wall aneurysms. Canine lateral wall aneurysms may infrequently undergo thrombosis (Ͻ10%), but most aneurysms (90%) remained patent during a follow-up period of Ն7 months.…”

“…28 Bifurcation aneurysm models in dogs and rabbits can show recurrences with variable frequencies, despite treatment with various types of devices. 12,13,16,28,[41][42][43] Angiographic recurrences are rarely documented after coil embolization of the rabbit elastase aneurysms, but "microrecurrences" (only seen at pathology) are common.…”

“…9,13,35,54,55 Early inflammatory changes 39,54,55 were followed by a centripetal myofibroblast infiltration, robust collagen deposition, and a thick neointima, which completely sealed the neck. 48 When all specimens showed permanent occlusions and favorable healing characteristics at some delayed time points, as seen in swine aneurysms, then some earlier timeframe was chosen, in hopes of detecting accelerated healing with some new material.…”

“…Inspired by the pioneering work of German and Black (1954), 12 surgical constructions in rabbits, swine, and dogs varied in complexity, from lateral wall types by end-to-side suturing of a segment of vein to carotid arteries, [13][14][15] to bifurcation aneurysms, anastomosing the right and left carotid arteries at the site of venous pouch implantation. 8,[16][17][18][19] (For a review, see Massoud et al 1994. 20 ) The elastase-induced aneurysm model, most frequently used in rabbits, 21,22 has been modified in various ways.…”

In vivo embolization of lateral wall aneurysms in canines using the liquid-to-solid gelling PPODA-QT polymer system: 6-month pilot study

“…Lateral wall aneurysms were surgically created in the right common carotid artery of canines as previously described. 1,14,15 Prior to embolization, animals were given an intravenous bolus injection of 3000 IU heparin, followed by a maintenance injection of 500 IU every 30 minutes during the procedure to control clotting. Postoperatively, animals were placed on chronic aspirin at a dose of 81.25 mg/day.…”