Experimental seismic behavior of a two-story CLT platform building

Lindt, John W. van de; Furley, Jace; Amini, M. Omar; Pei, Shiling; Tamagnone, Gabriele; Barbosa, André R.; Rammer, Doug; Line, Philip; Fragiacomo, Massimo; Popovski, Marjan

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.079

Cited by 76 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Using mass timber allows buildings to be built approximately 20% faster with less noise pollution than a similar project using concrete because of easier material handling and high level of prefabrication at the factory [11]. Well-designed mass timber building may also exhibit better earthquake performance and fire durability [12]. As with any emerging technology, economics drive the adoption of whether it will be accepted as a viable replacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of a High-Rise Mass Timber Building: A Case Study in Pacific Northwestern United States

Liang

Bergman

2021

Sustainability

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Global construction industry has a huge influence on world primary energy consumption, spending, and greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. To better understand these factors for mass timber construction, this work quantified the life cycle environmental and economic performances of a high-rise mass timber building in U.S. Pacific Northwest region through the use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) and life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Using the TRACI impact category method, the cradle-to-grave LCA results showed better environmental performances for the mass timber building relative to conventional concrete building, with 3153 kg CO2-eq per m2 floor area compared to 3203 CO2-eq per m2 floor area, respectively. Over 90% of GHGs emissions occur at the operational stage with a 60-year study period. The end-of-life recycling of mass timber could provide carbon offset of 364 kg CO2-eq per m2 floor that lowers the GHG emissions of the mass timber building to a total 12% lower GHGs emissions than concrete building. The LCCA results showed that mass timber building had total life cycle cost of $3976 per m2 floor area that was 9.6% higher than concrete building, driven mainly by upfront construction costs related to the mass timber material. Uncertainty analysis of mass timber product pricing provided a pathway for builders to make mass timber buildings cost competitive. The integration of LCA and LCCA on mass timber building study can contribute more information to the decision makers such as building developers and policymakers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of a High-Rise Mass Timber Building: A Case Study in Pacific Northwestern United States

Liang

Bergman

2021

Sustainability

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“…The footprint of the structure is roughly "T" shaped with a N/S oriented wing, 4 0m long and 18 m wide (the atrium) that butts into a larger E/W wing, 76 m long and 22 m wide (the academic wing). The timber structure is comprised of a glulam post-and-beam gravity system, and lateral load-resisting system including hybrid wood/concrete floor diaphragms with CLT decks, and post-tensioned, self-centering, CLT shear walls [40,41]. The flat roof is comprised of CLT panels separated from the mass plywood panel (MPP) [42] upper diaphragm by 2.5 cm (1") thick plywood strapping (Figure 1b) in the academic wing, and MPP supported directly on deep, long-span glulam beams in the atrium.…”

Section: Introduction To the Monitoring Study At The Forest Science Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Moisture Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber Building Elements during Construction

Schmidt

Riggio

2019

Buildings

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There are currently no standards regulating water management for mass timber elements during construction, little knowledge of impacts of moisture exposure (wetting and drying performance, dimensional stability, checking), and few precedents serving as guidelines for monitoring moisture response of mass timber. To address these gaps, a hygrothermal monitoring study was devised to track moisture performance of U.S. made cross laminated timber (CLT) and glulam at a three-story mass timber building. This paper discusses moisture measurements that were collected during the first six months of construction at a CLT rocking shear wall and a timber floor connection. Despite the limited number of structural systems monitored during construction, the distribution and number of sensors in these elements allow to draw some important conclusions. The data confirmed that moisture distribution and wetting/drying rates varied based on local conditions and details (aspect, coatings, connections, etc.), with measurements at an uncoated, north-facing area showing the highest moisture levels (reaching fiber saturation at multiple ply depths and locations). Most locations rarely exceeded 16% moisture content for more than a few months. Certain moisture-trapping details consistently showed higher moisture levels (i.e., above 16%) and poorer drying. Some interior plies continued to show slow increases in MC even after months of drying conditions. These observations suggest preventative approaches implementable in the design (e.g., avoiding moisture trapping details), during fabrication (e.g., localized coating), and construction (e.g., sequencing installation to minimize exposure and allow drying).

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“…On the contrary, in the case of high-intensity earthquakes, the dissipation in the panel-to-panel connections of the floors could lead to many issues such as the amplification of higher modes of vibration and increased structural damage. For these reasons it is suggested to design the floors as non-ductile elements, with overstrength connections [18].…”

Section: Seismic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental, theoretical and numerical studies highlighted a satisfactory seismic performance of CLT buildings. A shake table test performed on full-scale multi-story buildings proved the capability of surviving high-intensity earthquakes, up to 0.82 g of peak-ground acceleration for a seven-story building [16,17] and up to 1.52 g for a two-story building [18], depending on lightness of material and behavior of mechanical connections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Cross-Laminated Timber Structures in a Seismic Area: Overview and Future Trends

Sandoli¹,

D’Ambra²,

Ceraldi³

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) buildings are recognized as a robust alternative to heavyweight constructions, because beneficial for seismic resistance and environmental sustainability, more than other construction materials. The lightness of material and the satisfactory dissipative response of the mechanical connections provide an excellent seismic response to multi-story CLT buildings, in spite of permanent damage to timber panels in the connection zones. Basically, CLT constructions are highly sustainable structures from extraction of raw material, to manufacturing process, up to usage, disposal and recycling. With respect to other constructions, the potential of CLT buildings is that their environmental sustainability in the phases of disposal and/or recycling can be further enhanced if the seismic damage in structural timber components is reduced or nullified. This paper reports a state-of-the art overview on seismic performance and sustainability aspects of CLT buildings in seismic prone regions. Technological issues and modelling approaches for traditional CLT buildings currently proposed in literature are discussed, focusing the attention on some research advancements and future trends devoted to enhance seismic performance and environmental sustainability of CLT buildings in seismic prone regions.

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Experimental seismic behavior of a two-story CLT platform building

Cited by 76 publications

References 6 publications

Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of a High-Rise Mass Timber Building: A Case Study in Pacific Northwestern United States

Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of a High-Rise Mass Timber Building: A Case Study in Pacific Northwestern United States

Monitoring Moisture Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber Building Elements during Construction

Sustainable Cross-Laminated Timber Structures in a Seismic Area: Overview and Future Trends

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