Experimental Sex Inversion of Chicken Embryos at Aromatase Inhibition, Estrogen Receptor Modulation, DNA Demethylation and Progesterone Treatment

Trukhina, A. V.; Лукина, Н. А.; Smirnov, A. F.

doi:10.4236/ns.2016.811047

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…• Studies with chicken (Gallus g. domesticus) embryos with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on the first day of embryonic development has shown that the gonad of genetic females had poorly developed seminiferous tubules suggesting that they had undergone testicular sexual differentiation (Trukhina et al 2016).…”

Section: Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Outcome Pathway on Aromatase inhibition leading to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiation

2023

OECD Series on Adverse Outcome Pathways

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This adverse outcome pathway links inhibition of aromatase activity in teleost fish during gonadogenesis to increased differentiation to testis resulting in a male-biased sex ratio in the population, and ultimately, reduced population sustainability. Most gonochoristic fish species develop either as males or females and do not change sex throughout their life span. However, in species where sexual differentiation is controlled at least to some degree by environmental factors, there can be a window of development during gonadal differentiation that is sensitive to a variety of exogenous conditions, including exposure to some chemicals. For example, treatment with sex steroids in conjunction with the period of sexual differentiation has been showed to favor ovary or testis development in fish exposed to estrogens or androgens, respectively. Altered synthesis and regulation of endogenous steroids can also affect sexual differentiation in fish. In most vertebrate taxa, aromatase (cytochrome P450 [CYP]19a1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the conversion of 17β-estradiol (E2) from testosterone (T). Endocrine-active chemicals such as fadrozole, letrozole and exemestane (pharmaceuticals) or prochloraz and propiconazole (fungicides) inhibit aromatase activity. Exposure of some fish species to aromatase inhibitors during sex differentiation can reduce endogenous E2 synthesis, thereby resulting in phenotypic males, the default sex in the absence of estrogen signaling during gonadal differentiation. Given the critical role of female fecundity in determining total numbers of offspring, the resultant male-biased sex ratio can reduce population size, especially if sustained over multiple generations. 5 Table of contentsAdverse Outcome Pathway on Aromatase inhibition leading to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiation .

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Section: Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Outcome Pathway on Aromatase inhibition leading to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiation

2023

OECD Series on Adverse Outcome Pathways

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Effect of In Ovo Injection of Anastrozole on Sex Ratio and Quality of Broiler Chicks

Kavianpoor

Pirsaraei

Dirandeh

et al. 2019

rap

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Broiler breeders prefer male chicks because of economic benefits to female chicks. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to manipulate sex using aromatase inhibitors. Therefore, current research was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo injection of different levels of anastrozole (an aromatase inhibitor) on the sex ratio and quality of broiler chicks. This research was carried out with 480 eggs of Ross 308 as a completely randomized design with six treatments include, four replicates and 20 eggs per replicate. Experimental treatments include: 1. Non-injected control: with No injections 2-Control two (Sham control(: Corn oil solvent + DMSO 3-Injection 30 μl of letrozole at a concentration of 1 mg/ml 4-anastrozole 30 μl injection at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml 5-Injection of 30 μl anastrozole at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml 6-Injection of 30 μL anastrozole at a concentration of 0.75 mg/ml. Hatching, sexual differentiation, chick quality, fetal mortality and economic traits were evaluated in this study. The results showed that in ovo injection anastrozole ovi-position did not have a significant effect on the sex and quality of broiler chicks. The percentage of hatching eggs in the anastrozole injection was decreased in comparison with the three control treatments, and also the mortality rate in the first incubation period was increased. In ovo injection of anastrozole compared to three treatments significantly increased carcass weight, average weight of seven days and growth rate, and a significant decrease was observed in the mean conversion factor, although it had no significant effect on the mean of initial weights. Overall, it can be concluded from the findings of this study that in ovo injection of anastrozole increased, carcass weight and weight of chicks at seven days and reduced the percentage of hatchability, but did not affect sex differentiation and quality of broiler chicks.

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Animal welfare of embryos and newly hatched chicks: A review

Araújo

Lopes

Lara

et al. 2023

Span. j. agric. res.

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The welfare of farm animals is a hotly debated issue today. There are few technical materials available focused on hatcheries that address and incorporate practices adopting the welfare level required by civil society. However, about 33% of the production period of a broiler chicken occurs on the hatchery. Recent studies have shown that day-old chick production has points that need to be improved. Technical standards indicate that the process of welfare should begin during egg storage such that the best conditions are provided for embryos prior to incubation. Storage until 28 days at temperatures above 12ºC can kill embryos, while exposure of eggs to 30 ºC until 14 days causes a negative impact under the hatchability. The available results regarding in ovo nutrition show that it should be considered for benefit neonate quality since inoculation of substances such vitamin E (60.4 IU) promote better incubation results. Feeding immediately after hatching is a management for welfare because animals feed-fed soon after hatch perform better up to 35 d. The most criticized point in hatcheries is the slaughter of neonates, for which some strategies are being investigated, including the use of dual-purpose aptitude strains, in ovo sexing by different methodologies, sex inversion and hormonal-based sexing. It is noted that procedures involving bird incubation require greater attention to welfare. Therefore, it is necessary to align theoretical knowledge with practical applications so that the demands of society, as well as those of industry, are met.

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Experimental Sex Inversion of Chicken Embryos at Aromatase Inhibition, Estrogen Receptor Modulation, DNA Demethylation and Progesterone Treatment

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Adverse Outcome Pathway on Aromatase inhibition leading to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiation

Adverse Outcome Pathway on Aromatase inhibition leading to male-biased sex ratio via impacts on gonad differentiation

Effect of In Ovo Injection of Anastrozole on Sex Ratio and Quality of Broiler Chicks

Animal welfare of embryos and newly hatched chicks: A review

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