Experimental studies for levulinic acid production from whole kernel grain sorghum

Qi, Fugang; Hanna, Milford A.

doi:10.1016/s0960-8524(01)00144-4

Cited by 153 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…With increasing petroleum oil prices, it is inevitable for the chemical industries to seek alternative raw materials for basic chemical production (Fang and Hanna 2002). Biomass is the only renewable resource with fixed carbon, which is essential for the production of fuel and bio-based chemical products (Girisuta 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Levulinic Acid in Ionic Liquid

Ya’aini

Amin

2013

BioResources

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The catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid in ionic liquid, [EMIM][Cl] was conducted using a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst (1:1 ratio) with equal CrCl 3 and HY zeolite weight ratios was synthesized using a wet impregnation method. Initially, optimization of cellulose as a model compound was carried out using two-level full factorial design ( 2 3 ) with two centre points. Under optimum process conditions, 46.0% of levulinic acid yield was produced from cellulose. Subsequently, utilization of lignocellulosic biomass demonstrated 15.5% and 15.0% of levulinic acid yield from empty fruit bunch (EFB) and kenaf, respectively, at the optimum conditions. Meanwhile, in the presence of ionic liquid under the same process conditions, 20.0% and 17.0% of levulinic acid were obtained for EFB and kenaf, respectively. The results indicated that ionic liquid could disrupt the covalent linkages between the biomass structures and dissolved the hollocellulose. This allowed the hollocellulose chains, accessible to the chemical transformation, to react and produce levulinic acid in presence of the hybrid catalyst. This study demonstrated that the combination of hybrid catalyst and ionic liquid has the potential to be applied for biomass conversion to levulinic acid under adequate process conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Levulinic Acid in Ionic Liquid

Ya’aini

Amin

2013

BioResources

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“…At low temperature, prolonged reaction time allowed the cellulose in the OPF to be dissolved and to be converted into LA. It is known that elevated temperature can cause the acceleration of reaction rate (Chang et al 2007;Fang & Hanna 2002). However, the unwanted carbonaceous residue was also produced at higher temperature, prolonged reaction time, higher feedstock and catalyst loading, deducing side reactions increased at the same time.…”

Section: Variables Effect On La Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Oil Palm Fronds Conversion to Levulinic Acid using Fe/HY Zeolite Catalyst

Ramli

Amin²

2015

JSM

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“…Some bulk chemicals, including levulinic acid and furfural, can be produced by treating biomass at high temperature for specific times in the presence of conventional mineral acid catalysts, such as hydrosulfuric, hydrochloric, and phosphoric acids [29][30][31]. However, low yield and significant volumes of side products, together with the use of corrosive chemicals, are challenging commercialization and environmental issues.…”

Section: Possible Conversion Pathways Chemical Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Green” Chemicals from Renewable Agricultural Biomass - A Mini Review

Xu¹,

Hanna²,

Isom³

2008

TOASJ

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Abstract:Recently, utilization of renewable resources to replace petroleum as a primary feedstock for liquid fuels, chemicals and materials has become a topic of interest around the world. It is intriguing due to rising oil prices, the negative effects of petroleum on the environment and the advantages of renewable resources, such as their abundance and sustainability. Herein, the possibilities for biobased chemicals prepared from renewable resources are reviewed. The most popular feedstocks for commodity and specialty chemicals are carbohydrates as they account for approximately 95% of the biomass produced annually. The conversion routes, including chemical and biological routes, direct extraction, and selected technical advancements are discussed. Examples of select biochemcials, their conversion pathways from biomass, and their derivatives and potential applications are indentified.

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Experimental studies for levulinic acid production from whole kernel grain sorghum

Cited by 153 publications

References 1 publication

Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Levulinic Acid in Ionic Liquid

Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Levulinic Acid in Ionic Liquid

Optimization of Oil Palm Fronds Conversion to Levulinic Acid using Fe/HY Zeolite Catalyst

“Green” Chemicals from Renewable Agricultural Biomass - A Mini Review

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