Experimental studies of halite dissolution kinetics, 1 The effect of saturation state and the presence of trace metals

Alkattan, Marwan; Oelkers, Eric H.; Dandurand, Jany; Schott, Jacques

doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(96)00164-7

Cited by 95 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In accordance with equation (2), with increasing saturation of the bulk solution, a linear decrease in dissolution rates (i.e., mass halite-flux off the rock wall per unit area and time) was demonstrated experimentally [Alkattan et al, 1997]. Furthermore, the rate of dissolution depends upon the flow rate of the bulk solution, which reduces the boundary layer thickness resulting in accelerated transport and, therefore, faster dissolution [e.g., Lasaga, 1990].…”

Section: Flow Pattern and Cavity Enlargementsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In agreement with Fick's law, the rate of Na-Cl passing through the boundary layer with a certain thickness owing to diffusion (R t ) follows a linear rate law [Alkattan et al, 1997] …”

Section: Flow Pattern and Cavity Enlargementsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The measured dissolution rates at 16°C ranged between 14.4 and 22.3 mmol cm À2 h À1 . In the experimental studies of Alkattan et al [1997], at high rotating speed (2000 rpm) and 25°C, the halite dissolution rate amounted to $14 mmol cm À2 h À1 . The range of the calculated average halite dissolution rates is therefore realistic, which also supports the theory of selective dissolution in the solution cavity described in this paper.…”

Section: Model Of Cavity Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it can be assumed that the concentration directly adjacent to the halite surface (c s ) is approximately that at equilibrium concentration with respect to halite (c eq,c ). Among others, on that approximation the NaCl detachment rate from the halite surface (R c ) can be computed from [Alkattan et al, 1997] …”

Section: Flow Pattern and Cavity Enlargementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis and shape of natural solution cavities within salt deposits

Gechter

Huggenberger

Ackerer

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

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Since the genesis and shape of natural deep‐seated cavities within a salt body are insufficiently understood, the current study tries to shed some light on this topic. To this end, freshwater was pumped slowly through a horizontal borehole in rock salt cores. Owing to fast halite dissolution kinetics, high solubility, and slow inflow rate, halite dissolution took place only in the inflow of the rock salt cylinder. The shape of the created cavities is an approximately symmetrical half cone with a horizontal base facing upward. A conceptual model is presented that is inspired by the experimental results and based on theoretical hydraulic‐geochemical considerations, as well as on field observations. It proposes that triangular prism or conically shaped cavities develop within salt under confined conditions, where aggressive water flows upward along a fracture/conduit from an insoluble aquifer into the soluble stratum. Such cavity enlargements may cause land subsidence and structure collapse.

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Section: Flow Pattern and Cavity Enlargementsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In agreement with Fick's law, the rate of Na-Cl passing through the boundary layer with a certain thickness owing to diffusion (R t ) follows a linear rate law [Alkattan et al, 1997] …”

Section: Flow Pattern and Cavity Enlargementsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Model Of Cavity Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flow Pattern and Cavity Enlargementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis and shape of natural solution cavities within salt deposits

Gechter

Huggenberger

Ackerer

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

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“…The kinetics of halite dissolution is controlled by two distinct processes: NaCl detachment from the mineral surface according to surface coordination chemistry [84][85][86][87], and the transport of ions into the bulk solution through the interfacial layer quantified by transition state theory [88]. Alkattan et al [89] proposed the ove reaction rate (molT -1 M -1 ): rall…”

Section: Example Application: Kinetic Halite Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mineral reactions on the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils: Model development and application

Wissmeier

Barry

2009

Advances in Water Resources

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbsThe selective radius shift model was used to relate changes in mineral volume due to precipitation/dissolution reactions to changes in hydraulic properties affecting flow in porous media. The model accounts for (i) precipitation/dissolution taking place only in the water-filled part of the pore space and further that (ii) the amount of mineral precipitation/dissolution within a pore depends on the local pore volume. The pore bundle concept was used to connect pore-scale changes to macroscopic soil hydraulic properties. Precipitation/dissolution induces changes in the pore radii of water-filled pores and, consequently, in the effective porosity. In a time step of the numerical model, mineral reactions lead to a discontinuous pore-size distribution because only the water-filled pores are affected. The pore-size distribution is converted back to a soil moisture characteristic function to which a new water retention curve is fitted under physically plausible constraints. The model equations were derived for the commonly used van Genuchten/Mualem hydraulic properties. Together with a mixed-form solution of Richards' equation for aqueous phase flow, the model was implemented into the geochemical modelling framework PHREEQC, thereby making available PHREEQC's comprehensive geochemical reactions. Example applications include kinetic halite dissolution and calcite precipitation as a consequence of cation exchange. These applications showed marked changes in the soil's hydraulic properties due to mineral precipitation/dissolution and the dependency of these changes on water contents. The simulations also revealed the strong influence of the degree of saturation on the development of the saturated hydraulic conductivity through its quadratic dependency on the van Genuchten parameter . Furthermore, it was shown that the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at fixed reduced water content can even r tract increase du ing precipitation due to changes in the pore-size distribution.

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Investigating Compaction by Intergranular Pressure Solution Using the Discrete Element Method

et al. 2018

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Intergranular pressure solution creep is an important deformation mechanism in the Earth's crust. The phenomenon has been frequently studied and several analytical models have been proposed that describe its constitutive behavior. These models require assumptions regarding the geometry of the aggregate and the grain size distribution in order to solve for the contact stresses and often neglect shear tractions. Furthermore, analytical models tend to overestimate experimental compaction rates at low porosities, an observation for which the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here we present a conceptually simple, 3‐D discrete element method (DEM) approach for simulating intergranular pressure solution creep that explicitly models individual grains, relaxing many of the assumptions that are required by analytical models. The DEM model is validated against experiments by direct comparison of macroscopic sample compaction rates. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the overall DEM compaction rate to the grain size and applied stress is tested. The effects of the interparticle friction and of a distributed grain size on macroscopic strain rates are subsequently investigated. Overall, we find that the DEM model is capable of reproducing realistic compaction behavior, and that the strain rates produced by the model are in good agreement with uniaxial compaction experiments. Characteristic features, such as the dependence of the strain rate on grain size and applied stress, as predicted by analytical models, are also observed in the simulations. DEM results show that interparticle friction and a distributed grain size affect the compaction rates by less than half an order of magnitude.

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Experimental studies of halite dissolution kinetics, 1 The effect of saturation state and the presence of trace metals

Cited by 95 publications

References 27 publications

Genesis and shape of natural solution cavities within salt deposits

Genesis and shape of natural solution cavities within salt deposits

Effect of mineral reactions on the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils: Model development and application

Investigating Compaction by Intergranular Pressure Solution Using the Discrete Element Method

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