Experimental Studies of the Effect of Ethanol Auxiliary Fueled Turbulent Jet Ignition in an Optical Engine

Bureshaid, Khalifa; Shimura, Ray; Feng, Dengquan; Zhao, Hua; Bunce, Mike

doi:10.4271/03-12-04-0026

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…By definition, NMOG is the sum of non-methane hydrocarbons and some oxygenated hydrocarbon species (OHC), such as unburned alcohols and carbonyls [31]. With the additional species measured with the FTIR, the NMOG emissions can be calculated as expressed in Equation (4).…”

Section: 𝑃𝐶𝐹𝑅 = 𝑚 𝑓𝑃𝐶 𝑄 𝐿𝐻𝑉 𝑓𝑃𝐶mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coupling the spark-ignited pre-chamber combustion systems with alcohols is found frequently in the literature to promote the application of low-carbon fuels in standard gasoline engines. Bureshaid et al [4] discovered that the momentum of the jets is far stronger when operating an optical TJI engine with ethanol. The authors attribute the gain in kinetic energy of the jets to the faster flame speed of ethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing Unburned Fuel Emission from a Pre-chamber Engine Operating on Alcohol Fuels using FID and FTIR Analyzers

Hlaing¹,

Said²,

Cenker³

et al. 2022

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Typical automotive emission testing systems usually employ Flame Ionization Detection (FID) analyzers to measure unburned fuel species in the exhaust, but the technique is not suitable for engines operating on alcohol fuels. The FID method is not sensitive to measuring unburned alcohol fuels due to the presence of oxygen bonds in the fuel molecule. Other techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), can provide accurate unburned fuel measurements with alcohol fuel. However, these techniques are expensive and are less accessible compared to FID analyzers. In this study, the unburned fuel emissions from the engine exhaust were measured simultaneously with FID and FTIR analyzers, with the engine operating on pure alcohols, which are methanol, ethanol, and n-butanol. While most previous work focuses on stoichiometric airfuel mixtures, a wide range of lean operating conditions between global-λ 1.6 to 2.8 will be tested in this study. Such ultra-lean operation was achievable thanks to the narrow-throat pre-chamber combustion concept with the pre-chamber fueled with methane. The unburned fuel measurements from the two analyzers are compared, and correction factors for each fuel are identified to rectify the FID unburned fuel measurements based on the results provided by the FTIR.

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Section: 𝑃𝐶𝐹𝑅 = 𝑚 𝑓𝑃𝐶 𝑄 𝐿𝐻𝑉 𝑓𝑃𝐶mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Unburned Fuel Emission from a Pre-chamber Engine Operating on Alcohol Fuels using FID and FTIR Analyzers

Hlaing¹,

Said²,

Cenker³

et al. 2022

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pre-chamber combustion (PCC) is a promising concept that has been shown to improve the thermal efficiency of an internal combustion (IC) engine by enabling combustion at leaner conditions than with conventional spark-ignition engines, leading to improved combustion stability, reduced knock tendency, [1][2][3] and lower engineout NOx emissions. [4][5][6] The pre-chambers are suited for a wide array of alternative fuels, including hydrogen, [7][8][9] natural gas, [10][11][12] propane, 13 alcohol fuels, 14 and conventional gasoline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of the air-fuel ratio at the time of ignition in a pre-chamber using a narrow throat geometry

Hlaing

Silva

Marquez

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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The benefits of pre-chamber combustion (PCC), such as improved engine efficiency and reduced NOx emissions, are primarily observed when operating at lean conditions with an active pre-chamber, where auxiliary fuel is supplied directly to the pre-chamber. Estimating the pre-chamber excess air ratio (λ) is important in the active pre-chamber concept to gain insights into the pre-chamber combustion phenomenon. Experimental investigations were performed using a narrow-throat pre-chamber at global-λ 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0. The fraction of fuel energy injected in the pre-chamber over the total fuel energy was fixed at 3%, 7%, and 13% for each global-λ. The mixture formation process inside the pre-chamber is first simulated using the 1-D simulation software GT-Power to analyze the pre-chamber λ at the ignition timing. However, the 1-D results were unable to reproduce the experimental observations on the pre-chamber pressure buildup accurately. Upon simulating the same conditions using the 3-D CFD software CONVERGE, the pre-chamber λ estimated from the CFD model is well-correlated to the experimental data. The CFD results indicate that the amount of fuel trapped in the pre-chamber at the inlet valve closing timing is over-predicted by the 1-D simulations. A correlation between the injected and the trapped fuel in the pre-chamber is proposed by theoretical scavenging models and applied to the 1-D simulation results to improve pre-chamber λ prediction accuracy.

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“…The independence of ethyl alcohol from fossil fuels [7] and the reduction in greenhouse gaseous (GHG) emissions are important factors for the growth of its use as a clean source of energy [8][9][10]. As it is extracted from a vegetable base, it theoretically does not influence the carbon cycle, once the plants used for the fuel production absorb the CO 2 emitted by the burning of ethanol [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of combustion aspects with different compression ratios, fuel types and injection systems in a single-cylinder research engine

Malaquias

Netto

Costa

et al. 2020

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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The growing commercialization of flex-fuel vehicles in Brazil demands the optimization of internal combustion engines for the operation with ethanol (E100) and gasohol (E22), in an attempt to reduce the fuel consumption and minimize the pollutant emissions into the atmosphere. In this sense, this work proposes the study of different volumetric compression ratios in a single-cylinder research engine in order to conclude about its fuel conversion efficiency and, in particular, a more detailed combustion investigation for two of the most common Brazilian fuels. Dynamometric bench tests were performed for distinct compression ratios, injection systems and fuel types, which demanded a specific piston design to meet the requirements for each combustion chamber configuration. The use of ethanol was the most suitable when compared to gasohol, especially at high load conditions, in which was observed a knock tendency for E22 but not for E100, due to its improved physicochemical properties, resulting in enhanced combustion aspects. The proposed methodology proved effective in allowing fuel conversion efficiency gains for the tested fuels, injection systems and piston designs when compared to the engine baseline operation, with up to 6.1% improvement when using the most appropriate compression ratio. Finally, the ethanol direct injection confirmed the potential of this Brazilian biofuel as one of the most promising renewable options for internal combustion engines in current and future sustainable energy directives. Keywords Compression ratio • Internal combustion engine • Fuel conversion efficiency • Ethanol • Flex-fuel Abbreviations ABDC After bottom dead center APMAX Angle of maximum pressure (°) ATDC After top dead center BBDC Before bottom dead center BMEP Brake mean effective pressure (bar) BTDC Before top dead center CA Crank angle CO 2 Carbon dioxide COV Covariance (%) CR Compression ratio DI Direct injection E100

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Experimental Studies of the Effect of Ethanol Auxiliary Fueled Turbulent Jet Ignition in an Optical Engine

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Comparing Unburned Fuel Emission from a Pre-chamber Engine Operating on Alcohol Fuels using FID and FTIR Analyzers

Comparing Unburned Fuel Emission from a Pre-chamber Engine Operating on Alcohol Fuels using FID and FTIR Analyzers

Estimates of the air-fuel ratio at the time of ignition in a pre-chamber using a narrow throat geometry

An evaluation of combustion aspects with different compression ratios, fuel types and injection systems in a single-cylinder research engine

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