Experimental studies of the jet of a Pelton turbine

Zhang, Zh.; Casey, Michael

doi:10.1243/09576509jpe408

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The right picture presents a more detailed view of the free jet formation at the nozzle outlet and of its downstream diameter variation. The jet diameter takes its minimum value about one nozzle diameter from the exit (Vena contracta) and then exhibits a slight expansion because of the friction with the air, a typical behaviour for this type of injectors [12]. It must be noted however that the distance between the nozzle exit and the runner, which is depicted also in Fig.…”

Section: Injector Performancementioning

confidence: 90%

“…The influence of the injector design on the unsteady and divergent behaviour of the jet is studied by Staubli and Hauser [10], whereas the significant role of secondary flows generated at the bends of the distribution piping on the jet shape, orientation, and surface disturbances and instabilities was identified by Zhang and Parkinson [11] and Zhang and Casey [12], and supported by laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) velocity measurements. Finally, the effect on the runner efficiency of the jet interference in multi-jet Pelton turbines and of the casing dimensions were investigated in the experimental works of Fuji et al [13] and Matthias et al [14], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance measurements on a Pelton turbine model

Stamatelos

Anagnostopoulos

Papantonis

2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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Pelton hydraulic turbines are impulse-type turbomachines commonly used in hydroelectric plants with medium-to-high water head and in various energy recovery applications. The aim of the present work is to provide detailed performance measurements on a Pelton turbine model, along with the design and geometrical dimensions of its runner/buckets and injectors. Such a complete set of data would be useful for further development and evaluation of numerical modelling tools of the complex unsteady free-surface flow developed in the turbine, and is missing from the literature. The two-nozzle Pelton model was designed using standard guidelines and was fully constructed in the Laboratory of Hydraulic Turbomachines, NTUA. The measurements include the net water head and flowrate, the injector characteristic curves, and the torque and rotation speed of the runner, from which the corresponding overall efficiency and shaft power are computed. The model was tested with one injector (upper or lower) and with both injectors in operation, using either constant or variable rotation speed mode. The comparative results were satisfactory and in line with the theory, verifying similarity and repeatability, and allowing for an estimation of mechanical losses. The measurements covered the entire operation range of the turbine, in order to draw complete hillcharts for various operation modes.

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Section: Injector Performancementioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance measurements on a Pelton turbine model

Stamatelos

Anagnostopoulos

Papantonis

2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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“…The design of Pelton turbines has been developed for more than a century [1] since its invention by Lester Pelton [2] in 1880. Available literature usually concentrates on distributor [3,4], injector [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], bucket geometry [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] or turbine casing [21] analysis or design optimisation. However, not much work is published in terms of the optimum number of buckets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelton turbine: Identifying the optimum number of buckets using CFD

Židonis

Aggidis

2016

J Hydrodyn

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A numerical case study on identifying the optimum number of buckets for a Pelton turbine is presented. Three parameters: number of buckets, bucket radial position and bucket angular position are grouped since they are found to be interrelated. By identifying the best combination of the radial and angular position for each number of buckets it is shown that reduction in the number of buckets beyond the limit suggested by the available literature can improve the runner efficiency and be beneficial from the manufacturing complexity and cost point of view. The effect of this numerically suggested reduction in the amount of buckets was evaluated experimentally and confirmed that the efficiency was successfully increased.

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“…There are some studies available where a selection of injector designs are modelled and compared using CFD [17][18][19] or using a visual analysis [20][21][22]. However there is a lack of publications describing a thorough investigation of basic injector design parameters together with the importance they have on the performance of an injector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Spear Valve Configuration on the Performance of Pelton and Turgo Turbine Injectors and Runners

Benzon

Židonis

Παναγιωτόπουλος

et al. 2015

Journal of Fluids Engineering

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This paper uses two modern commercial CFD software packages to compare the performance of a standard and improved impulse turbine injector developed in a previous study. The two injector designs are compared by simulating the 2D axis-symmetric cases as well as full 3D cases including the bend in the branch pipe and the guide vanes. The resulting jet profiles generated by these simulations are used to initialise the inlet conditions for a full Pelton and Turgo runner simulation at different operating conditions in order to assess the impact of the injector design on the performance and efficiency of a real impulse turbine.The results showed that the optimised injector design, with steeper nozzle and spear angles, not only attains higher efficiencies in the 2D and 3D injector simulations, but produces a jet which performs better than the standard design in both the Pelton and the Turgo runner simulations. The result show that the greatest improvement in the hydraulic efficiency occurs within the injector with the improved design showing an increase in efficiency of 0.76% for the Turgo 3D injector and 0.44% for the Pelton 3D injector. The results also show that in the case of the 3D injector, the improved injector geometry produces a jet profile which induces better overall runner performance, giving a 0.5% increase in total hydraulic efficiency for the Pelton case and 0.7% for the Turgo case.

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Experimental studies of the jet of a Pelton turbine

Cited by 59 publications

References 4 publications

Performance measurements on a Pelton turbine model

Performance measurements on a Pelton turbine model

Pelton turbine: Identifying the optimum number of buckets using CFD

Numerical Investigation of the Spear Valve Configuration on the Performance of Pelton and Turgo Turbine Injectors and Runners

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