Experimental Studies on Earthen Architecture Sites Consolidated with BS Materials in Arid Regions

Abstract

This paper takes the preservation works on the archaeological sites of Gaochang Ruins, Xinjiang, as background. Based on the soil characteristics analysis on the archaeological sites, experimental studies were conducted on the consolidation effect of the BS-10 consolidation material on the archaeological sites of adobe and rammed earth. The results showed the following:, after consolidation, the wind erosion resistance of the soil on the archaeological sites was substantially increased, and the wind erosion modulus was reduced by 5~8 times; the soil exhibited fine grid structure and significantly reduced degree of permeability, while still maintaining the moisture exchange between inside and outside the soil; there is excellent ageing resistance; the resistance to freezing and thawing was closely related to the soil water content and had little influence in arid regions; the water resistance was improved and could satisfy the requirements for consolidating the sites in arid regions; the unconfined compressive strength was improved moderately, which was the key direction of improvement in the future, and the consolidated soil did not form duricrust on the surface and had good bonding strength with the internal parts. The BS-10 material can meet the consolidation requirements for the earthen archaeological sites in arid regions of northwest China.

Experimental Study on Bond‐Slip Behavior of Bamboo Bolt‐Modified Slurry Interface under Pull‐Out Load

“…e undisturbed rammed soil is from northwest corner of the walls in the ancient city of Gaochang, Xinjiang, China (core sampling) [4]. e soil is made as the cube sample with the geometric dimension of 70 mm and 7.07 mm and tested in accordance with the Standard for Soil Test Methods (GB/T50123-1999) [23].…”

“…), anchorage technology is widely used to deal with the rammed earth sites' structural diseases [4][5][6]. However, the anchoring scheme of metal bolts and cement mortars commonly used in soil and rock slope reinforcement engineering is not suitable for anchoring of soil sites because (1) the difference in the material property between the metal bolt and the soil is so large that it is difficult for the anchoring force to be exerted, (2) the metal material is easy to react with the moisture in the soil to cause corrosion, and (3) the use of prestressed technology is restricted.…”

Stone weathering under Mediterranean semiarid climate in the fortress of Nueva Tabarca island (Spain)

“…Wind in coastal regions is an important weathering agent, especially due to both the ability for driving salty water deep into the fabric of building and the abrasive sand action that can saltate and erode materials [17,35]. However, this weathering agent is commonly unconsidered in heritage deterioration studies and even some authors consider wind erosion as an infrequent decay agent [36].…”

“…This fact determines two different situations of the city-wall doors in the face of wind-blown particle erosion. Windblown sand is one of the most destructive processes related to aeolian erosion [35]. This process can be considered as negligible for the western and northern entrances, but in the eastern one it is extremely decisive.…”

“…However, the abrasive capacity of the wind-blown particles does not increase linearly with wind speed[36]. Slight increments of the amount ofM A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTeroded material occurs when wind speed increase up to 15 m/s[35]. At speed above m/s, the aeolian abrasion and the mass loss grow exponentially.Shi and Shi[17] concluded that the erosion damage caused by wind-blown sand has a stratification pattern that comprises three layers.…”