Experimental studies on the intrinsic fibers of the cerebellum. II. The cortico‐nuclear projection

Jansen, J. K. S.; Brodal, Alf

doi:10.1002/cne.900730204

Cited by 315 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…83 In addition, the vermis was shown as (1) merged lobules into the superior hemispheric module and (2) a distinct module including vermis VII through X. While the vermis is classically known as one of the anatomically segregated regions of the spinocerebellum and, therefore, has been considered functionally distinct, 84 a recent study indicated a portion of the vermis is also interconnected with the frontal regions of the brain-eg, primary, supplementary, and dorsal cingulate motor cortex. 85 Because the anterior-superior module in this study fully covers the lobules related to motor execution and preparation, 82 our results may indicate additional structural evidence to support vermal involvement with both the normal control of movement and cognitive processing.…”

Section: Modularity and Modular Architecture Of The Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted Modular Architecture of Cerebellum in Schizophrenia: A Graph Theoretic Analysis

Kim

Kent

Bolbecker

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Recent studies of schizophrenia have revealed cognitive and memory deficits that are accompanied by disruptions of neuronal connectivity in cortical and subcortical brain regions. More recently, alterations of topological organization of structural networks in schizophrenia are also being identified using graph theoretical analysis. However, the role of the cerebellum in this network structure remains largely unknown. In this study, global network measures obtained from diffusion tensor imaging were computed in the cerebella of 25 patients with schizophrenia and 36 healthy volunteers. While cerebellar global network characteristics were slightly altered in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls, the patients showed a retained small-world network organization. The modular architecture, however, was changed mainly in crus II. Furthermore, schizophrenia patients had reduced correlations between modularity and microstructural integrity, as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) in lobules I-IV and X. Finally, FA alterations were significantly correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale symptom scores in schizophrenia patients. Taken together, our data suggest that schizophrenia patients have altered network architecture in the cerebellum with reduced local microstructural connectivity and that cerebellar structural abnormalities are associated symptoms of the disorder.

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Section: Modularity and Modular Architecture Of The Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted Modular Architecture of Cerebellum in Schizophrenia: A Graph Theoretic Analysis

Kim

Kent

Bolbecker

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…Cortical input to the DCN is supplied via Purkinje cell axons. Anterograde tracing and degeneration studies (Jansen and Brodal, 1940;Armstrong and Schild, 1978a,b) demonstrate the following basic arrangement of cortico-nuclear connections: medialis receives Purkinje cell input from the vermis, interpositus from the intermediate hemispheres, and lateralis from the lateral hemispheres. Despite the detailed knowledge of cortico-nuclear circuitry, the mechanisms controlling neuronal cell number in this population of neurons have remained elusive.…”

Section: Abstract: Weaver; Deep Cerebellar Nuclei; Girk2; Ataxia; Cementioning

confidence: 99%

Failed Cell Migration and Death of Purkinje Cells and Deep Nuclear Neurons in theweaverCerebellum

et al. 1997

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The mouse neurological mutant weaver has an atrophic cerebellar cortex with deficits in both Purkinje and granule cell number. Although granule cells are known to die postnatally shortly after their final cell division, the cause of the Purkinje cell deficit (cell death vs lack of production) is unknown. We report here a quantitative analysis of large cerebellar neurons of the weaver mutant during postnatal development. We explored the hypothesis that the cells of the entire cerebellar anlage were affected by the mutation by including in our study the neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Our analysis reveals that in homozygous weaver mutants (1) the DCN are displaced laterally, display an abnormal anatomy, and suffer a 20 -25% decrease in neuron number; (2) this numerical deficit is located in medial regions, similar to the localization of cortical deficits in both Purkinje and granule cells; (3) pyknotic figures are present in the juvenile DCN and in the Purkinje cell layer; and (4) the majority of cell death in these populations occurs not in medial regions where the numerical deficits are observed, but rather laterally where adult cell number is nearly normal. These results lead us to propose that the complete weaver phenotype includes a failure of the cell movements that lead to the fusion of the bilateral cerebellar anlage, and that this failure to migrate properly leaves some of the Purkinje cells and DCN neurons in a position where they are unable to make appropriate connections, leading to their death. In addition to implications for normal development, these observations suggest that weaver effects on the cerebellum can be unified into one consolidated model in which failure of cell movement affects all major cerebellar neurons.

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“…Only three units were located in the simplex and none at all in anterior culmen (Va and IV) and centralis (III and II). The range of depths at which units were located suggests that the splanchnic projection to the anterior lobe is distributed to the paravermal parts of all folia of the caudal lobule of the culmen, and may therefore be mainly within the anterior lobe paravermal area defined anatomically by Jansen & Brodal (1940) and functionally by Chambers & Sprague (1955a, b). This region is differently organized from the vermal zone in that it projects to nucleus interpositus rather than to nucleus fastigii.…”

Section: Resiultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The representation of some visceral afferents in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum

Newman¹,

Paul²

1966

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Evoked single unit discharges have been recorded from the right side of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum following distension of the gallbladder, mechanical stimulation of abdominal viscera and electrical stimulation of the right splanchnic nerve.2. The majority of the evoked units were located in the posterior part of the culmen, lateral to the paravermian vein. Unit depths ranged from 0-2 to 5 0 mm below the pial surface.3. Units responding to distension of the gall-bladder or mechanical stimulation of the viscera were not affected by other peripheral stimuli.4. Responses to gall-bladder stimulation were either excitatory or inhibitory. Responses to mechanical stimulation of the viscera were mainly inhibitory.5. Units evoked by electrical stimulation of the right splanchnic nerve fell into two groups: (1) high threshold. The majority of units responded to activation of the Ad group of splanchnic afferents with a latency of 20-25 msec, and a high probability that the unit would respond to successive stimuli over long periods of time. (2) Low threshold. Some units were evoked by excitation of the A,f group of splanchnic afferents only. They had a shorter latency and a lower probability of response, which was not increased by exciting Ad fibres.6. It is suggested that the two groups of splanchnic afferent fibres project to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum as two separate functional systems.

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Experimental studies on the intrinsic fibers of the cerebellum. II. The cortico‐nuclear projection

Cited by 315 publications

References 36 publications

Disrupted Modular Architecture of Cerebellum in Schizophrenia: A Graph Theoretic Analysis

Disrupted Modular Architecture of Cerebellum in Schizophrenia: A Graph Theoretic Analysis

Failed Cell Migration and Death of Purkinje Cells and Deep Nuclear Neurons in theweaverCerebellum

The representation of some visceral afferents in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum

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