Experimental studies to increase the natural resources of brine shrimp Artemia in hyperhaline reservoirs

Abstract

A brief analysis of the available technologies for growing Artemia in the world and in Russia is given in the paper. The conditions for production of Artemia in natural reservoirs with a local Artemia population are shown. The results of laboratory experiments on reducing the incubation time of cysts to 2-23 hours (instead of the standard 24-48 hours) and the inoculation of nauplii and non-hatched cysts into the brine of natural lakes with salinity of 101, 125, 225 and 333‰ are given in details. The following indicators are analyzed: the rate of hatching during incubation, the rate of hydration of cysts during incubation and dehydration in brine; the survival rate of nauplii in brine, the possibility of hatching nauplii from cysts in brine with different salinity. The results of long-term observations of the survival of Artemia crustaceans in the brine of the lake in the absence of feeding are also presented. It is possible to reduce the incubation time to 6-20 hours is concluded in the paper. The dependence of the duration of incubation of cysts on the temperature, quality of cysts and salinity of natural brine was noted. To determine the optimal incubation time of cysts the formulas for calculating T90 according to the temperature and salinity of brine for cysts of different quality are given.

Features of Artemia aquaculture technology in Russia, prospects for its use in other temperate and tropical climates

“…The need for incubation of dry cysts to obtain naupliuses is determined by their dehydrated state. It is known [12] that only fully hydrated cysts can initiate metabolism. The use of wet cysts instead of dry cysts (to accelerate incubation time) causes difficulties in storage of such cysts and, at high temperature, rapid spoilage.…”

“…It is known that complete hydration of cysts is necessary for nauplius hatching. To clarify the hydration time, we conducted studies during the incubation of dry cysts in incubation medium with salinity 42‰ at 27 0 C (Litvinenko et al, 2021). It turned out that by 6 h of incubation hydrated cysts were more than 80%, by 10 h -almost 100%.…”

“…Percentage ratio of hatching stages during incubation of dry cysts: dhc -dehydrated cysts, hchydrated cysts, cc -cracked cysts, u -umbrellas, n -nauplii, dn -dead nauplii Studies conducted [12] with placement of hydrated cysts in brines showed that after a day in the brine with salinity 100 and 125‰ dehydrated cysts became 10 and 14% of cysts, respectively, with salinity 225‰ -44%, 330‰ -72%, on the third day at salinity 100‰ -75%, 125‰ -92%, 225 and 330‰ -100%. Emergence of naupliuses from dehydrated cysts is possible only when fresh water enters the reservoir, which occurs during rains or snowmelt.…”

Combined effects of temperature, photoperiod, and salinity on reproduction of the brine shrimpArtemia sinica(Crustacea: Anostraca)

“…Artemia sinica Cai, 1989 is mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, and Jilin provinces in China ( Hou, Yang & Cai, 1997 ; Zheng & Sun, 2013 ), and is also recorded in Siberia, Russia ( Shadrin & Anufriieva, 2012 ; Litvinenko, Litvinenko & Boyko, 2016 ), with Yuncheng Salt Lake (Shanxi, China) probably harboring the largest population. In recent decades, A. sinica has spread as an exotic species to several solar salterns in Tianjin and Hebei, China ( Van Stappen et al, 2007 ).…”