Experimental Study and Analysis of a Polymer Fiber Bragg Grating Embedded in a Composite Material

Rajan, Ginu; Ramakrishnan, Manjusha; Semenova, Yuliya; Ambikairajah, Eliathamby; Farrell, Gerald; Peng, Gang-Ding

doi:10.1109/jlt.2014.2311441

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Then their sensitivities to strain, temperature and pressure are measured, as in these cases Young's modulus and thermal expansion coefficient plays a major role. Standard phase mask technique is used for grating inscription which involves a 50 mW Kimmon IK series He-Cd laser emitting light at 325 nm [15] and a phase mask of 10 mm long with a pitch of 1030 nm. This inscription facility produces 10 mm long gratings with a peak reflected wavelength circa 1530 nm.…”

Section: High Sensitivity Polymer Fiber Bragg Grating Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic High-Sensitivity Sensors Based on Etched Single-Mode Polymer Optical Fibers

Bhowmik

Peng

Ambikairajah

et al. 2015

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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The significance of etched single-mode polymer optical fibers and their potential for the development of highsensitivity sensors are presented. A polymethyl methacrylatebased single-mode polymer optical fiber is etched to various diameters and it is observed that etching can lead to change in the material properties of the fiber, such as Young's modulus and thermal expansion coefficient. This can play a vital role in improving the intrinsic sensing capabilities of sensors based on etched polymer optical fiber. To demonstrate that the modified material properties of the etched polymer fiber can enhance its intrinsic sensing capabilities, sensing characteristics of etched polymer fiber Bragg gratings for strain, temperature, and pressure are obtained. From the results, it is confirmed that the sensors based on etched polymer fibers exhibit high intrinsic sensitivity compared with un-etched ones. The potential of developing a sensing system for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature is also demonstrated.

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Section: High Sensitivity Polymer Fiber Bragg Grating Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic High-Sensitivity Sensors Based on Etched Single-Mode Polymer Optical Fibers

Bhowmik

Peng

Ambikairajah

et al. 2015

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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“…The wavelength shift of the CCGs due to the strain corresponds to Δ λ ε , and it is affected by the strain and wavelength of CCGs, as well as the elastic‐optic effect . The theoretical relation of the strain sensitivity coefficient with the center wavelength and the strain variation is

\frac{Δ λ_{ε}}{λ_{B}} = Δ ε_{s} β K_{ε} .

where the center wavelength λ B is the Bragg wavelength, Δ ε s is the global strain of the structure, and it includes the thermal and structural strains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of high‐temperature strains in superalloy and carbon/carbon composites using chemical composition gratings

Xie

Meng

Jin

et al. 2016

Strain

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This paper describes an experimental and signal processing technique to perform high temperature tests on superalloy (INCONEL) and carbon/carbon structures using silica‐based chemical composition gratings (CCGs). The results obtained from applying this technique at 940°C in superalloys and 950°C for carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are benchmarked against data obtained from four different methods. The results show that the wavelength responses of the CCGs bonded on the superalloy and on the C/C plate increase nonlinearly with increasing temperatures. The temperature‐dependent strain transfer coefficients recorded during the superalloy tests show quite stable results below 600 °C and tend to slightly decrease thereafter. The values of the strain transfer coefficients below 1000 °C are significantly affected by the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate material and the interface. We demonstrate that the strain transfer coefficient calculation method used in this paper is not suitable for low and/or negative expansion material. The results of the relative errors show that the CCGs‐F method based on the quadratic dependence of the wavelength shift versus the temperature appears to be the best to estimate the mechanical strains within the interval of temperatures considered and the measurement accuracy. The relative errors measured between 200 °C and 1000 °C are less than 5%.

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“…In addition, embedding a combination of shape memory alloy wires and FBG sensors in glass fiber reinforced composites was investigated by Ho et al [40]. More recently, the possibility of embedding polymer optical fiber gratings [27] in composite materials was explored, and promising results were reported at temperatures less than 70 °C [25, 26]. A simple, low cost relative humidity sensor system based on polymer fiber Bragg was developed.…”

Section: System Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensor might have potential applications for fast and accurate real time humidity control [27]. In another work [25], researchers investigated the characteristics of polymer fiber Bragg gratings embedded in composite materials and compared them with the characteristics of their silica counterparts. The fabricated composites with embedded sensors were subjected to temperature and strain changes.…”

Section: System Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards sensor array materials: can failure be delayed?

Mekid

Saheb

Khan

et al. 2015

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Further to prior development in enhancing structural health using smart materials, an innovative class of materials characterized by the ability to feel senses like humans, i.e. ‘nervous materials’, is discussed. Designed at all scales, these materials will enhance personnel and public safety, and secure greater reliability of products. Materials may fail suddenly, but any system wishes that failure is known in good time and delayed until safe conditions are reached. Nervous materials are expected to be the solution to this statement. This new class of materials is based on the novel concept of materials capable of feeling multiple structural and external stimuli, e.g. stress, force, pressure and temperature, while feeding information back to a controller for appropriate real-time action. The strain–stress state is developed in real time with the identified and characterized source of stimulus, with optimized time response to retrieve initial specified conditions, e.g. shape and strength. Sensors are volumetrically embedded and distributed, emulating the human nervous system. Immediate applications are in aircraft, cars, nuclear energy and robotics. Such materials will reduce maintenance costs, detect initial failures and delay them with self-healing. This article reviews the common aspects and challenges surrounding this new class of materials with types of sensors to be embedded seamlessly or inherently, including appropriate embedding manufacturing techniques with modeling and simulation methods.

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Experimental Study and Analysis of a Polymer Fiber Bragg Grating Embedded in a Composite Material

Cited by 39 publications

References 29 publications

Intrinsic High-Sensitivity Sensors Based on Etched Single-Mode Polymer Optical Fibers

Intrinsic High-Sensitivity Sensors Based on Etched Single-Mode Polymer Optical Fibers

Measurement of high‐temperature strains in superalloy and carbon/carbon composites using chemical composition gratings

Towards sensor array materials: can failure be delayed?

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