Experimental study and analysis on behaviours and strategies of social groups and individuals

Hu, Yanghui; Zhang, Jun; Xiao, Hanyi; Cao, Shuchao; Ren, Xiangxia; Liang, Xiao; Li, Hongliu; Song, Weiguo

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104736

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…We find that in the mixed crowd condition individuals overtake others more frequently. This agrees with previous work showing that individuals make detours more frequently to reach their destinations in multidirectional flow compared to social groups [32] (overtaking often requires a deviation from the direct path towards a goal). One possible explanation for this is that individuals can move faster and are more flexible in adjusting their movement direction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…To simulate social groups, we randomly selected pairs of individuals of the same gender who may or may not have already known each other. To control for influences of previously existing relationships between individuals [32], we simulated consistent strong social ties by instructing participants to walk arm in arm with each other throughout the experiment. Participants within simulated social groups were allowed to talk to each other during the experiment to further enhance the social group simulation.…”

Section: Experiments and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other approaches for simulating social ties of different strengths have been used previously (e.g. [20,21,32]). We deliberately simulated strong social ties based on the observation that this relationship is common in our daily life (family members and close friends [33]) and based on the assumption that these will have the most pronounced effect on the observed movement dynamics and to pre-empt any changes in the interpretation of instructions due to participants habituating to the experimental conditions.…”

Section: Experiments and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Social groups barely change the speed-density relationship in unidirectional pedestrian flow, but affect operational behaviours

Zhang

Song

et al. 2021

Safety Science

Self Cite

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Experiments and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Social groups barely change the speed-density relationship in unidirectional pedestrian flow, but affect operational behaviours

Zhang

Song

et al. 2021

Safety Science

Self Cite

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“…A social group is a number of pedestrians that are connected via social relationships, such as family ties, friendship or work relationships [ 86 ]. The members of such groups tend to stay close to each other and will thus try to walk along the same route [ 87 ]. This has implications for route choice [ 65 ].…”

Section: Principles Of Pedestrian Route Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

The principles of pedestrian route choice

Tong

Bode

2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Pedestrian route choice, the process by which individuals decide on their walking path between two locations, is a fundamental problem across disciplines. Because this behaviour is investigated from different conceptual and methodological angles, and because it strongly depends on the environmental context, it is challenging to establish a systematic framework for research. Here, by reviewing previous work, we identify four principles for pedestrian route choice that are relevant across disciplines. First, ‘information perception’ deals with how pedestrians can perceive information selectively and purposely, given the limited available information. Second, ‘information integration’ considers how pedestrians subjectively integrate environmental spatial information into mental representations. Third, ‘responding to information’ is concerned with how pedestrians tend to be attracted and repelled by specific attributes individually and how this can lead to positive or negative feedback loops across many individuals. Fourth ‘decision-making mechanisms' describe how pedestrians trade off the evidence provided by different attributes. How pedestrians perceive, integrate, respond to, and act upon information is not fixed but varies with the context. We give examples for each principle and explain how these principles shape pedestrian choice behaviours. We hope this contribution provides a systematic overview of the field and helps to spark inspiration among specialists.

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“…This could include adjusting their walking speed or stride length to match the other members of the group or walking in specific formations to facilitate easy communication between group members (Costa, 2010). Evaluation measures such as offset angle (Xiaoge et al, 2014), walk path (Xiaoge et al, 2014), detour coefficient (Hu et al, 2020), and splitting ratio have been proposed to measure the various aspects of group dynamics. Another interesting walking manoeuvre of pedestrians in the presence of social groups in a bidirectional flow is collision avoidance or evasive behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking in Social Groups: Role of Intra-Group Interactions

Sobhana

Verma

2023

Adaptive Behavior

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Interestingly, the interactions between members of a social group and across people of different social groups often happen through mutual understanding and reciprocate behaviour by means of gestures or eye contact. A controlled laboratory experiment is used to test the effect of interactions between members of a social group and across social groups on the walk dynamics of people. This study tries to discover the trade-off made by people between the need to communicate/interact between group members and the need to avoid collision with opposing pedestrians in a bidirectional flow. Thirty adults participated in a series of controlled experiments. The individuals and group characteristics were compared to study the effect of social groups. Spatial patterns/group formations, average walking speeds, and deviation from the desired direction of motion were assessed. The analysis shows that time to cross the platform is the least when triads adopt the river and inverted V group formations. In contrast, V and line-abreast group formations require slightly more time and are better suited to promote interactions between the group members. Irrespective of the initial formation adopted by participants, there is a higher tendency for the groups to shift to river formation or inverted V formations. This may be a result of the higher group speeds observed in the Inverted V and river formations, which accelerates their progress in the direction of motion. The understanding of walking dynamics of social groups from this study can enable better planning of pedestrian facilities and crowded events.

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Experimental study and analysis on behaviours and strategies of social groups and individuals

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Social groups barely change the speed-density relationship in unidirectional pedestrian flow, but affect operational behaviours

Social groups barely change the speed-density relationship in unidirectional pedestrian flow, but affect operational behaviours

The principles of pedestrian route choice

Walking in Social Groups: Role of Intra-Group Interactions

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