Experimental Study and Data Analysis of the Effects of Ions in Water on Evaporation Under Static Magnetic Conditions

Evaporation of water and urea solution in a magnetic field; the role of nuclear isomers

“…There are three types of experiments, First are those where the weight of an open container of water is measured as it is exposed to a static magnetic field B and compared to a no-field reference [8,[12][13][14]. These usually involve interrupting the experiment after different lapses of time to weigh the evaporating water, which may either be left at ambient temperature or heated in an oven [15]. Alternatively, the loss of weight by evaporation can be measured in zero field at different times after a single exposure to a static field [16].…”

“…Various authors use different experimental protocols, and the results depend on temperature, humidity, magnetic field and time in different ways, so there is much inconsistency in the results. The reported increases in evaporation rate associated with the magnetic field range from a few percent to more that 30% [8,11,12,15,16,19,21]. The magnetic field is thought to modify somehow the network of molecular hydrogen bonding in water.…”

Optimization of irrigation and fertilization of apples under magnetoelectric water irrigation in extremely arid areas

“…Studies have shown that after the water is magnetized, the average distance between water molecules increases, some hydrogen bonds become weaker or even broken, large associative water molecular clusters become smaller, and the number of free monomer water molecules and dimer water molecules in the water increases, resulting in increased osmotic pressure and solubility, and decreased viscosity coefficient and surface tension ( Xiao-Feng and Bo, 2008 ). Under the condition of static magnetic field, the evaporation of water increases, and the increase in mass evaporation depends on the magnetization ( Ben Amor et al., 2022 ). In the field of agriculture, magnetized water treatment technology has also been widely studied and applied.…”

Removal of brilliant green dye from synthetic wastewater under batch mode using chemically activated date pit carbon

“… 33 Moreover, the iodine number of carbon prepared from H 3 PO 4 is greater than the iodine number of carbon prepared from ZnCl 2 . 34 The chemical activation process is superior to the physical activation process because of its high productivity and high surface area of the resulted carbon 9 in addition to its low energy costs. 35 BG is an odorless cationic dye in the form of golden-green crystals.…”

“…Date pits can be considered a waste product after processing of compressed dates (fresh date fruit has 10–15% seed from its weight). 39 It was used as carbonized and non-carbonized compound for many adsorption kinds of research to remove industrial dyes such as Methylene Blue, 40 Indigo Carmine, 9 Methyl Orange, 35 Disperse blue dye, 41 Maxilon blue, 23 and Congo red. 42 The current survey was aimed to determine the optimum contact time, adsorbent mass, temperature, pH, and initial BG concentration.…”