Experimental study and modelling of NOx formation in high pressure counter-flow premixed CH 4 /air flames

Pillier, Laure; Idir, Mahmoud; Molet, Julien; Matynia, Alexis; Persis, S. de

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.099

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…They found that NO x increased and CO decreased with increasing pressure, the exponent for NO x emissions increased with equivalence ratio from 0.1 to 0.65 while the exponent for CO emissions was about −0.4 at lower temperatures and −0.5 at higher temperatures. The calculation results in Wang et al [11] and Pillier et al [12] also revealed that the NO has an increasing trend but CO has a decreasing trend with pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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An Experimental Investigation on the NO and CO Emission Characteristics of a Swirl Convergent-Divergent Nozzle at Elevated Pressure

et al. 2018

Energies

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The behavior of the pollutants NO and CO at elevated combustor pressure are of special importance due to the continuing trend toward developing engines operating at higher pressure ratios to yield higher thermal efficiency. An experiment was performed to examine the NO and CO emissions for a swirl convergent-divergent nozzle at elevated pressure. The NO and CO correlations were obtained. Meanwhile, the flame length, exhaust gas oxygen concentration, exit temperature and global flame residence time were also determined to analyze the NO and CO emission characteristics. The results showed that, with the increase in combustor pressure P, flame length decreased proportionally to P −0.49 ; exit O 2 volume fraction increased and exit temperature was reduced. The global flame residence time decreased proportionally to P −0.43. As pressure increased, the NO and Emission Index of NO (EINO) levels decreased proportionally to P −0.53 and P −0.6 respectively, which is mainly attributed to the influence of global flame residence time; the NO and EINO increased almost proportionally with the increase in global flame residence time. The EINO scaling EINO (ρu e /d) was proportional to Fr 0.42 , which indicated that compared with pure fuel, the fuel diluted with primary air can cause a decrease in the exponent of the Fr power function. At higher pressure, the CO and Emission Index of CO (EICO) decreased proportionally to P −0.35 and P −0.4 , respectively, due to the increased unburned methane and high pressure which accelerated chemical reaction kinetics to promote the conversion of CO to CO 2 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…m e /ρ e πd 2 (12) where π stands for circular constant, d is nozzle throat diameter, d = 0.01 m, ρ e is the density of nozzle exit fluid, which can be obtained by ideal gas state Equation 13:…”

Section: Global Flame Residence Timementioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation on the NO and CO Emission Characteristics of a Swirl Convergent-Divergent Nozzle at Elevated Pressure

et al. 2018

Energies

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“…Nonetheless, the usage of natural gas still leads to emissions of hazardous pollutants to the atmosphere. During combustion of these gases, nitrogen oxides NO X (NO and NO 2 ) are produced that have negative impacts on human health and cause environmental problems such as acid rain, photochemical smog and ozone layer depletion [3][4][5]. Due to these problems, the European Union is tightening the requirements of environmental protection and requires to increase the energy efficiency and to find a way to reduce NO X emissions from combustion systems using natural gas [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Non-Thermal Plasma for NOx Reduction in the Flue Gases

et al. 2019

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Over the years, ever more stringent requirements on the pollutant emissions, especially NO X , from combustion systems burning natural gas are introduced by the European Union (EU). Among all NO X reduction methods, the flue gas treatment by plasma is widely applied and could be used for both small scale and domestic combustion systems. However, the removal efficiency depends on concentrations of oxygen, water vapor, traces of hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides in flue gas. In order to analyze the application of the NO X reduction for small-scale or domestic combustion systems, experiments of NO X reduction by non-thermal plasma from real flue gases originating from premixed methane combustion at different equivalence ratio (ER) values were performed. It was determined that the residual oxygen in flue gas plays an important role for improvement of NO to NO 2 oxidation efficiency when O 2 concentrations are equal to or higher than 6%. The power consumption for the plasma oxidation constituted approximately 1% of the burner power. In the case of ozone treatment, the addition of O 3 to flue gas showed even more promising results as NO formed during combustion was fully oxidized to NO 2 at all ER values.

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“…Although it is a small fraction of NO x in most of the practical systems, as total NO x emissions decrease, the ratio of NO 2 /NO x can increase to a significant and visible level . In order to reduce NO x emissions from gas turbines, a detailed understanding of NO x formation at high pressure is crucial, as pressure along with the other parameters such as temperature, and composition of the fuel influences the combustion chemistry, hence the emissions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fuel composition on NO_xformation in high‐pressure syngas/air combustion

Asgari

Padak

2018

AIChE Journal

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In this study, an experimental investigation of lean premixed syngas/air flames with H 2 /CO ratio of 1.0 and equivalence ratio of 0.5 has been conducted in a high-pressure burner facility to investigate the effects of pressure and the presence of hydrocarbons on NO x speciation. Detailed NO x speciation measurements in the post-flame region were conducted for various pressures up to 1.5 MPa (15 bar) using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. When the pressure is increased, NO concentration decreases while NO 2 increases due to pressure dependence of NO to NO 2 conversion. For a given pressure, the presence of hydrocarbons in syngas leads to an increase in NO x concentrations possibly due to prompt NO formation. Comparison of NO concentrations in presence of CH 4 at different pressures shows that the effect of CH 4 due to prompt NO formation is more dominant than the effect of pressure on NO.

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Experimental study and modelling of NOx formation in high pressure counter-flow premixed CH 4 /air flames

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

An Experimental Investigation on the NO and CO Emission Characteristics of a Swirl Convergent-Divergent Nozzle at Elevated Pressure

An Experimental Investigation on the NO and CO Emission Characteristics of a Swirl Convergent-Divergent Nozzle at Elevated Pressure

Application of Non-Thermal Plasma for NOx Reduction in the Flue Gases

Effect of fuel composition on NO_xformation in high‐pressure syngas/air combustion

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Experimental study and modelling of NOx formation in high pressure counter-flow premixed CH 4 /air flames

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

An Experimental Investigation on the NO and CO Emission Characteristics of a Swirl Convergent-Divergent Nozzle at Elevated Pressure

An Experimental Investigation on the NO and CO Emission Characteristics of a Swirl Convergent-Divergent Nozzle at Elevated Pressure

Application of Non-Thermal Plasma for NOx Reduction in the Flue Gases

Effect of fuel composition on NOxformation in high‐pressure syngas/air combustion

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Effect of fuel composition on NO_xformation in high‐pressure syngas/air combustion