Experimental study of CO 2  convective dissolution: The effect of color indicators

Thomas, C.; Lemaigre, L.; Zalts, Anita; D’Onofrio, A.; Wit, A. De

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.09.002

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…20 We use Bromocresol Green (BCG) sodium salt as a colour indicator to visualize the instabilities produced by CO 2 dissolution. As it was shown in previous works, 38 Bromocresol Green (BCG) sodium salt is a suitable pH indicator to observe this kind of instabilities. The experimental data obtained with this indicator match those observed by Schlieren technique.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Lateral movements in Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities due to frontiers. Experimental study

Binda

Fernández

Hasi

et al. 2018

Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science

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Lateral movements of the fingers in Rayleigh-Taylor hydrodynamic instabilities at the interface between two fluids are studied. We show that transverse movements appear when a physical boundary is present; these phenomena have not been explained until now. The boundary prevents one of the fluids from crossing it. Such frontiers can be buoyancy driven as, for example, the frontier to the passage of a less dense solution through a denser solution or when different aggregation states coexist (liquid and gaseous phases). An experimental study of the lateral movement velocity of the fingers was performed for different Rayleigh numbers (Ra), and when oscillations were detected, their amplitudes were studied. Liquid-liquid (L-L) and gas-liquid (G-L) systems were analysed. Aqueous HCl and Bromocresol Green (sodium salt, NaBCG) solutions were used in L-L experiments, and CO (gas) and aqueous NaOH, NaHCO, and CaCl solutions were employed for the G-L studies. We observed that the lateral movement of the fingers and finger collapses near the interface are more notorious when Ra increases. The consequences of this, for each experience, are a decrease in the number of fingers and an increase in the velocity of the lateral finger movement close to the interface as time evolves. We found that the amplitude of the oscillations did not vary significantly within the considered Ra range. These results have an important implication when determining the wave number of instabilities in an evolving system. The wave number could be strongly diminished if there is a boundary.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Lateral movements in Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities due to frontiers. Experimental study

Binda

Fernández

Hasi

et al. 2018

Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science

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“…Such stratifications are typically composed of a reservoir phase A dissolving with a finite solubility into a host phase, containing chemicals that may react with A. The dissolution of A is limited by its solubility in the host phase, where most of the dynamics occurs [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Upon dissolution and reaction, various concentration profiles can develop and thereby affect the physical properties of the host phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of partially miscible interfaces, so-called "dissolution-driven" convection can also develop when the transfer of one phase to the other one locally changes the density of the host solution upon dissolution [23,24]. This is for instance the case during dissolution from above of less dense CO 2 into brine [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], or upon dissolution from below of methanol into cyclohexane [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density profiles around A+B→C reaction-diffusion fronts in partially miscible systems: A general classification

et al. 2016

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Various spatial density profiles can develop in partially miscible stratifications, when a phase A dissolves with a finite solubility into a host phase containing a dissolved reactant B. We investigate theoretically the impact of an A+B → C reaction on such density profiles in the host phase and classify them in a parameter space spanned by the ratios of relative contributions to density and diffusion coefficients of the chemical species. While the density profile is either monotonically increasing or decreasing in the non reactive case, reactions combined with differential diffusivity can create eight different types of density profiles featuring up to two extrema in density, at the reaction front or below it. We use this framework to predict various possible hydrodynamic instability scenarios inducing buoyancy-driven convection around such reaction fronts when they propagate parallel to the gravity field.

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“…The flume can be filled and emptied with flexible tubes to the left and right; see Figure 1a. For this study it was filled with deionized water and bromocresol green as a pH indicator, as in the study of Thomas et al (2015) [15], who showed that this technique enables the visualization of fingering in density-driven dissolution. Bromocresol green is deep blue at pH values higher than 5.4, and changes to green, then yellow between 5.4 and 3.8.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Simulation Study on Validating a Numerical Model for CO2 Density-Driven Dissolution in Water

Class

Weishaupt

Trötschler

2020

Water

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Carbon dioxide density-driven dissolution in a water-filled laboratory flume of the dimensions 60 cm length, 40 cm height, 1 cm thickness, was visualized using a pH-sensitive color indicator. We focus on atmospheric pressure conditions, like in caves where CO 2 concentrations are typically higher. Varying concentrations of carbon dioxide were applied as boundary conditions at the top of the experimental setup, leading to the onset of convective fingering at differing times. The data were used to validate a numerical model implemented in the numerical simulator DuMu x . The model solves the Navier-Stokes equations for density-induced water flow with concentration-dependent fluid density and a transport equation, including advective and diffusive processes for the carbon dioxide dissolved in water. The model was run in 2D, 3D, and pseudo-3D on two different grids. Without any calibration or fitting of parameters, the results of the comparison between experiment and simulation show satisfactory agreement with respect to the onset time of convective fingering, and the number and the dynamics of the fingers. Grid refinement matters, in particular, in the uppermost part where fingers develop. The 2D simulations consistently overestimated the fingering dynamics. This successful validation of the model is the prerequisite for employing it in situations with background flow and for a future study of karstification mechanisms related to CO 2 -induced fingering in caves.

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Experimental study of CO 2 convective dissolution: The effect of color indicators

Cited by 57 publications

References 34 publications

Lateral movements in Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities due to frontiers. Experimental study

Lateral movements in Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities due to frontiers. Experimental study

Density profiles around A+B→C reaction-diffusion fronts in partially miscible systems: A general classification

Experimental and Simulation Study on Validating a Numerical Model for CO2 Density-Driven Dissolution in Water

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