Experimental study of compressive properties parallel to grain of glulam

Totsuka, Marina; Jockwer, Robert; Kawahara, Hiro; Aoki, Kenji; Inayama, Masahiro

doi:10.1186/s10086-022-02040-7

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the compression zone of the cross-section, it can be seen that large strains only occur concentrated at the direct interface between CLT and concrete on the timber side. This behaviour of timberwhere end-grain contacts under compression result in strain concentrations at the contact interface-has been reported in previous studies, such as [29,42]. This is accompanied by a decrease in stiffness in this region, which should be considered in investigations regarding the rotational stiffness of such connections.…”

Section: Four-point Bending Tests-observations and Failure Modessupporting

confidence: 79%

A Timber–Concrete–Composite Edge Connection for Two-Way Spanning Cross-Laminated Timber Slabs—Experimental Investigations and Analytical Approach

Stieb,

Maderebner,

Dietsch

2023

Buildings

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This paper introduces a method to create a moment-resisting edge connection between two cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels. With this connection, two-way spanning cross-laminated timber slabs can be realised, where the span exceeds the manufacturing and transport-related width of the individual CLT panels. Until now, mostly on-site gluing solutions have been suggested for such connections. In this study, a solution using a timber–concrete–composite (TCC) system is proposed. For this, self-tapping screws are inserted along the edge face of the CLT component, enabling the formation of a lap splice between two adjacent CLT elements. This lap splice is reinforced by additional rebars and filled with concrete. This means that only familiar, easy-to-handle materials are used on-site, and there is no need for adhesives, which can be difficult to apply. To evaluate the load-bearing capacity of the connection, it was subjected to a pure bending load in four-point bending tests, where load-bearing capacities of up to 70% of the characteristic load-bearing capacity of the solid CLT elements were achieved. An analytical approach for a simplified engineering calculation model is introduced to determine the load acting upon the screws. Based on the experimental results, it is shown that the analytical approach is able to adequately represent the load-bearing capacity of the connection. The analytically determined forces on the screws may then be used to carry out further verifications on this connection method.

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Section: Four-point Bending Tests-observations and Failure Modessupporting

confidence: 79%

A Timber–Concrete–Composite Edge Connection for Two-Way Spanning Cross-Laminated Timber Slabs—Experimental Investigations and Analytical Approach

Stieb,

Maderebner,

Dietsch

2023

Buildings

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“…The application of DIC systems in wood research spans material-level investigations (Iraola et al 2021;Jeong et al 2016;Kumpenza et al 2018;Matsuda et al 2019;Matsuda et al 2017;Totsuka et al 2022;Xavier et al 2012) to structural testing at the component level (Bakalarz et al 2023;Navaratnam et al 2020;Sirumbal-Zapata et al 2019;Timbolmas et al 2022). Within these studies, DIC is employed for a variety of purposes, including exploring damage mechanisms (Matsuda et al 2018;Matsuda et al 2017;Navaratnam et al 2020), determining mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio (Jeong et al 2016;Kumpenza et al 2018), and verifying the accuracy of finite-element analysis (FEA) (Sirumbal-Zapata et al 2019;Timbolmas et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of digital image correlation system for compressive behaviour of wood

Teranishi,

Matsubara

2024

Preprint

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The digital image correlation (DIC) system is a powerful tool for measuring distributions of displacement and strain on the surface of a specimen. DIC systems are employed not only for homogeneous materials such as metals but also for heterogeneous materials such as wood. Although numerous validations of DIC system accuracy for metallic materials exist, accuracy verification for wood, especially under multiaxial stress conditions, is less common. This study investigated the accuracy of a DIC system equipped with a bilateral telecentric lens on wood (Douglas fir). The accuracy verification in uniaxial stress fields was conducted through full compression testing, while verification in multiaxial stress fields was performed through partial compression testing. Additionally, compression tests on A6063 (aluminium alloy) were conducted to examine the differences in DIC system accuracy between homogeneous and heterogeneous materials. The accuracy of the DIC system was assessed by comparing the results with those obtained from strain gauges. The results from the full compression tests indicate that the accuracy of axial strain measured by the DIC system was comparable for the specimens of A6063 and Douglas fir in the longitudinal (L) direction but was inferior for Douglas fir in the radial (R) direction. Furthermore, the differences in Young’s modulus obtained from the DIC system and strain gauge for the specimens of A6063, Douglas fir (L), and Douglas fir (R) were 2.3%, 2.4%, and 13.7%, respectively. In the partial compression tests, the accuracy of equivalent strain measured by the DIC system in the specimens of Douglas fir (R) was lower than that in A6063, attributable to a high strain gradient in the attachment region of the strain gauge. A novel variable was proposed using the standard deviation of strain to evaluate this strain gradient within the region. This variable demonstrated correspondence to the difference in equivalent strain obtained from the DIC system and the triaxial strain gauge, regardless of the material’s homogeneity or heterogeneity.

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Evaluation method of compression parallel to grain stiffness in wood and relationship between stiffness and shape of contact surface

Totsuka

2024

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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The compressive behavior parallel to the grain is an essential parameter for the designing of multistoried and large timber buildings. However, the application of a compressive force parallel to the grain results in significant deformations near the end grain, which is referred to as the damage zone. Therefore, this study elucidates the mechanism of the damage zone and proposed a methodology to evaluate the properties of the damage zone. The cause of the damage zone was attributed to an uneven contact surface. As the contact surface shape remained non-flat even after reaching 28% of the predicted maximum load, the initial stiffness of compression parallel to the grain necessitated an assessment based on the influence of the damage zone. The Young’s modulus of the damage zone was approximately 2% of that of the middle zone and an evaluation method for the damage zone length was proposed using the strongest link model. The Young’s modulus and damage zone length evaluation methods were used to evaluate the stiffness of the specimens when compressed parallel to the grain. The proposed method could adequately evaluate the experimental values.

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Experimental study of compressive properties parallel to grain of glulam

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

A Timber–Concrete–Composite Edge Connection for Two-Way Spanning Cross-Laminated Timber Slabs—Experimental Investigations and Analytical Approach

A Timber–Concrete–Composite Edge Connection for Two-Way Spanning Cross-Laminated Timber Slabs—Experimental Investigations and Analytical Approach

Accuracy of digital image correlation system for compressive behaviour of wood

Evaluation method of compression parallel to grain stiffness in wood and relationship between stiffness and shape of contact surface

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