Experimental study of copper deposition in a fluidized bed electrode

Hutin, D.; Cœuret, F.

doi:10.1007/bf00616757

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is supported by the work of Hutin and Coeuret [27] and Doherty et al [35] who noted that the penetration depth of the current is limited by ohmic loss in the electrolyte. It was concluded that in order to achieve a maximum deposition rate per unit volume, the electrode should be no deeper than the penetration depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Copper recovery in a spouted vessel electrolytic reactor (SBER)

Shirvanian

Calo

2005

J Appl Electrochem

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An investigation of copper recovery from acidic solutions in a particulate, cylindrical spouted vessel of conductive particles is presented. The effects of current, initial copper ion concentration, supporting electrolyte concentration, particle loading, liquid flow rate, solution pH, and temperature on copper recovery rate, current efficiency and energy efficiency of the electrolytic deposition process were investigated under galvanostatic conditions. Experiments were also conducted to investigate the effects of backdissolution or 'backstripping' of the deposited metal in the acidic solution. It is hypothesized that the latter occurs via both chemical and electrochemical anodic oxidation in the bed of conductive particles. It was found that sparging of the electrolyte solution with selected gases to remove dissolved oxygen increased the current efficiency by as much as 30% under certain conditions. Finally, a numerical kinetic model of electrochemical deposition and backstripping, coupled with mass transfer in the particulate cathode bed, is presented that describes the behaviour of the net copper recovery curves reasonably well. List of symbolsa electrode area per unit volume (m )1 ) C j concentration of species j (mol m )3 ) C js concentration of species j at electrode surface (mol m )3 ) C metal cation concentration in solution, initial (ppm or mol m )3 ) C O initial metal cation concentration in solution, initial (ppm or mol m )3 )backstripping rate constant pre-exponential factor (ppm min )1 )/(mol kg )1 bar )1 ) K B backdissolution rate (mol m )3 s )1 ) K H Henry's law constant for oxygen in water (mol oxygen (kg water) -1 (bar )1 ) n apparent reaction order n j number of electrons in rate j r b backstripping rate (ppm min )1 ) r j rate of reaction or mass transport (mol m )3 s )1 ) R gas constant (J K )1 mol )1 ) Re p particle Reynolds number (= u d p /m) ScSchmidt number (= m/D) Sh particle Sherwood number (= k L d p /D) t time (s) T temperature (K) DH Ã 0 heat of activation at equilibrium potential (kJ mol )1 ) a transfer coefficient (Equation 10) m kinematic viscosity (m 2 s )1 )

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Using a fluidized/fixed bed electrode system, Hutin and Coeuret [27] found that a thin bed behaved cathodically at every point, but that electrochemical activity increased rapidly with distance from the current feeder. For deeper beds, positive values of the overpotential, characterizing anodic behaviour, appeared in the distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper recovery in a spouted vessel electrolytic reactor (SBER)

Shirvanian

Calo

2005

J Appl Electrochem

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“…On the other hand, the solid phase that composes the fluidized bed would have its conductivity reduced due to the lower shock probability between the particles, as previously discussed in the introduction section, bringing about a highly stepped overpotential profile and a strong hydrogen gas evolution favored by the very negative overpotentials in counter electrode surroundings; meanwhile, a great portion of the region close to the current feeder would present a low electrochemical activity, as mathematically predicted by phenomenological models by Doherty et al (1996) and recently by Thilakavathi et al (2012), and experimentally observed by Ruotolo and Gubulin (2005). Regions with anodic dissolution of the electrodeposited metal in a FBE were also experimentally confirmed by Hutin and Coeuret (1977). The raise on applied current, besides of diminishing inactive zones and anodic dissolution in electrode interiors (Ruotolo and Gubulin 2005), should be performed Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The greater the Dr the sharper the potential and current profile inside the porous electrode, being the more active zone close to the counter electrode. Since the increase of acid concentration can reduce Dr by increasing the solution conductivity, potential and current distribution inside the FBE will become more uniform, making the electrode more active in the zones close to the current feeder and avoiding very negative overpotentials responsible for the HER close to the counter electrode, consequently, the current efficiency increases, as experimentally observed for zinc (Lanza and Bertazzoli 2000) and copper (Ruotolo and Gubulin 2011) electrodeposition in a fixed bed electrode, for copper electrodeposition in a spouted bed electrode (Martins et al 2012), and also for FBEs (Hutin and Coeuret 1977), whose process was modeled and simulated by Thilakavathi et al (2009). Furthermore, considering that the solid-phase conductivity depends on the statistical probability of particle shocks (Gabrielli et al 1994), expansion also will have an influence on the solid-phase conductivity, thus it would be expected that increasing the FBE expansion the solid-phase conductivity dropped.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Heavy metal removal from simulated wastewater using electrochemical technology: optimization of copper electrodeposition in a membraneless fluidized bed electrode

Tonini

Ruotolo

2016

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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Heavy metal removal from industrial wastewaters has been intensively studied, since it is well known that they can cause severe problems to human health and aquatic life, even at very low concentrations. In this work, it was demonstrated that electrodeposition in fluidized bed electrode (FBE) can be efficiently employed to remove metal ions from solution, avoid contamination, and recover the metal. Copper electrodeposition from diluted solutions was efficiently performed using a membraneless FBE. The average current efficiency (ACE), average energy consumption (AEC), and space-time yield (AY) was optimized taking into account the operational and process variables. It was noted that for all response variables studied, the raise of supporting electrolyte concentration (C s ) contributed to improvements in the process. The operational conditions current (I) and bed expansion (E) determined the values of CE, Y, and EC under activated control, but the initial copper concentration (C 0 ) determined how long the electrodeposition process will work under activated or mass transfer control, thus affecting the average values of CE, Y, and EC. Considering C 0 of 500 mg L -1 , copper can be optimally recovered with ACE [60 %, AY[38 kg h -1 m -3 , and AEC\4.0 kWh kg -1 by applying the lowest I and the highest levels of E and C s . It was concluded that the electrochemical technology using a membraneless FBE reactor is economically competitive and be applied for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated with copper or other metals.

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“…It has been found that in the direction normal to the current feeder, the active regions are near the current feeder as well as the membrane, and there exists an anodic region in which the potential of conductive particles is higher than that of the electrolyte phase, and the region will be enlarged by increasing bed expansions (13). This phenomenon arises from discontinuity of the particle phase, in which it cannot be regarded as equipotential any more.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Enhanced Metal Recovery in Fluidized Bed Electrodes with a Fin‐Type Current Feeder

Yen

Yao

1991

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A rectangular side-by-side fluidized bed electrode for metal recovery from dilute copper solutions was investigated. Because the contacts between fluidized particles and current feeders are particularly important, fin-type current feeders were used to enhance the deposition rate. Polarization curves with a fin-type current feeder were measured at various Reynolds numbers. It is shown in the experiments that fin-type current feeders provide higher deposition rates for the same electrode potential than planar current feeders in fluidized bed electrodes.

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Experimental study of copper deposition in a fluidized bed electrode

Cited by 45 publications

References 18 publications

Copper recovery in a spouted vessel electrolytic reactor (SBER)

Copper recovery in a spouted vessel electrolytic reactor (SBER)

Heavy metal removal from simulated wastewater using electrochemical technology: optimization of copper electrodeposition in a membraneless fluidized bed electrode

Enhanced Metal Recovery in Fluidized Bed Electrodes with a Fin‐Type Current Feeder

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