Experimental study of cross-phase modulation reduction in hybrid systems with co-propagating 100G PM-QPSK and 10G OOK

Abstract

We experimentally investigate various methods for reducing cross-phase modulation in hybrid networks with mixed 100G and 10G traffic. The experimental results over standard single-mode and non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber types demonstrate the effectiveness of several different XPM reduction techniques as well as the interplay between them. Nonlinear transmission performance is quantified using the Nonlinear Threshold metric as a function of key system features, including DCM type, dispersion map, spectral guard bands, and carrier phase estimation window size. Fiber Bragg grating-based DCMs are shown to offer a distinct advantage over fiber-based DCMs under certain conditions, particularly in dispersion-managed systems with very strong XPM. The average walk-off per span is introduced as a simple yet effective metric to compare different methods of XPM mitigation.

Coherent data system and slow data transmission in a single fiber with ITU grid spacing

“…As seen in Figure 3 right, the difference between these values is not significant, but speeds of 0.1 Gb/s, 1 Gb/s and 2.5 Gb/s degraded the Q factor more than the 4 Gb/s signal. We thus conclude that the generally observed and expected degradation of coherent signals caused by slow signals (cross-phase modulation XPM 13,14 ) with on-off keying is present.…”

Spectral optimization of Stokes channels for multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber lasers

“…In this configuration, we employed non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber with 25 km and attenuation of 0.201 dB km −1 , which acts as a Brillouin gain medium. This fiber was adopted in this investigation because it offers greater sensitivity to nonlinear effects than standard SMFs due to its smaller core effective area [47].…”

Performance of Probabilistic Shaping Coherent Channels in Hybrid Systems

“…However, it is well known that when the coherent channels are inserted in legacy WDM links with dispersion compensation modules (DCM) in every span and co-propagating OOK channels, the transmission performance is degraded due to the increased contribution of nonlinearities. These systems, which include both the coherent and OOK channels, are typically called hybrid systems and have been extensively studied [3,4].…”