Experimental study of energy absorption in a close-celled aluminum foam under dynamic loading

Mukai, Toshiji; Kanahashi, H.; Miyoshi, Tetsuji; Mabuchi, Mamoru; Nieh, T.G.; Higashi, Kenji

doi:10.1016/s1359-6462(99)00038-x

Cited by 290 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The nominal strain-rateε was defined as the ratio of the loading speed to the original height and varied from 1 × 10 −3 s −1 to 3 × 10 3 s −1 in the simulations. To compare with previous experimental results [1][2][3][4], the compressive strength was defined as the first peak stress (i.e. collapse stress), while the 0.2% offset yield point was used to characterise tensile strength.…”

Section: Fe Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the stress wave effect on 04022-p.4 Figure 7. Predicted strain-rate sensitivity of the compressive (a) and tensile (b) strengths of Alporas foam for rate dependent and independent material models alongside available compression test data [1,3,4]. The dashed curve corresponds to the rate dependence of the cell-wall material.…”

Section: Strain-rate Sensitivities Of the Compressive And Tensile Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the lack of a general conclusion on the strain-rate sensitivity of aluminium foams, the strainrate hardening of compressive strength of closed-cell aluminium Alporas foam has been widely observed [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Meanwhile, a number of explanations have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain-rate sensitivity of foam materials: A numerical study using 3D image-based finite element model

Sun

Withers

2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Realistic simulations are increasingly demanded to clarify the dynamic behaviour of foam materials, because, on one hand, the significant variability (e.g. 20% scatter band) of foam properties and the lack of reliable dynamic test methods for foams bring particular difficulty to accurately evaluate the strain-rate sensitivity in experiments; while on the other hand numerical models based on idealised cell structures (e.g. Kelvin and Voronoi) may not be sufficiently representative to capture the actual structural effect. To overcome these limitations, the strain-rate sensitivity of the compressive and tensile properties of closed-cell aluminium Alporas foam is investigated in this study by means of meso-scale realistic finite element (FE) simulations. The FE modelling method based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) image is introduced first, as well as its applications to foam materials. Then the compression and tension of Alporas foam at a wide variety of applied nominal strain-rates are simulated using FE model constructed from the actual cell geometry obtained from the CT image. The stain-rate sensitivity of compressive strength (collapse stress) and tensile strength (0.2% offset yield point) are evaluated when considering different cell-wall material properties. The numerical results show that the rate dependence of cell-wall material is the main cause of the strain-rate hardening of the compressive and tensile strengths at low and intermediate strain-rates. When the strain-rate is sufficiently high, shock compression is initiated, which significantly enhances the stress at the loading end and has complicated effect on the stress at the supporting end. The plastic tensile wave effect is evident at high strain-rates, but shock tension cannot develop in Alporas foam due to the softening associated with single fracture process zone occurring in tensile response. In all cases the micro inertia of individual cell walls subjected to localised deformation is found to have negligible effect on the macro strain-rate sensitivity of Alporas foam.

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Section: Fe Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strain-rate Sensitivities Of the Compressive And Tensile Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain-rate sensitivity of foam materials: A numerical study using 3D image-based finite element model

Sun

Withers

2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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“…Significant enhancement of crushing stress was observed in the dynamic impact experiments of woods (Reid and Peng, 1997;Harrigan et al, 2005), aluminum honeycombs (Zhao and Gary, 1998;Hou et al, 2012) and foams (Mukai et al, 1999;Deshpand and Fleck, 2000;Tan et al, 2005a;Elnasri et al, 2007). Several shock models and mass-spring models have been proposed to understand the shock wave propagation in cellular materials under dynamic impact, such as the R-PP-L (rate-independent, rigid-perfectly plastic-locking) model (Reid and Peng, 1997), the mass-spring model (Li and Meng, 2002), the E-PP-R (elastic-perfectly plastic-rigid) model (Lopatnikov et al, 2003), the power law densification model and the D-R-PH (dynamic, rigidplastic hardening) shock model .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Stress Distribution in Graded Cellular Materials Under Dynamic Compression

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2017

Lat. Am. j. solids struct.

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Dynamic compression behaviors of density-homogeneous and density-graded irregular honeycombs are investigated using cell-based finite element models under a constant-velocity impact scenario. A method based on the cross-sectional engineering stress is developed to obtain the one-dimensional stress distribution along the loading direction in a cellular specimen. The cross-sectional engineering stress is contributed by two parts: the node-transitive stress and the contact-induced stress, which are caused by the nodal force and the contact of cell walls, respectively. It is found that the contactinduced stress is dominant for the significantly enhanced stress behind the shock front. The stress enhancement and the compaction wave propagation can be observed through the stress distributions in honeycombs under high-velocity compression. The single and double compaction wave modes are observed directly from the stress distributions. Theoretical analysis of the compaction wave propagation in the density-graded honeycombs based on the R-PH (rigid-plastic hardening) idealization is carried out and verified by the numerical simulations. It is found that stress distribution in cellular materials and the compaction wave propagation characteristics under dynamic compression can be approximately predicted by the R-PH shock model. dynamic crushing. However, most research work is restricted to the stress at the impact/support end and thus the stress distribution is not well considered. KeywordsSignificant enhancement of crushing stress was observed in the dynamic impact experiments of woods (Reid and Peng, 1997;Harrigan et al., 2005), aluminum honeycombs (Zhao and Gary, 1998;Hou et al., 2012) and foams (Mukai et al., 1999;Deshpand and Fleck, 2000;Tan et al., 2005a;Elnasri et al., 2007). Several shock models and mass-spring models have been proposed to understand the shock wave propagation in cellular materials under dynamic impact, such as the R-PP-L (rate-independent, rigid-perfectly plastic-locking) model (Reid and Peng, 1997), the mass-spring model (Li and Meng, 2002), the E-PP-R (elastic-perfectly plastic-rigid) model (Lopatnikov et al., 2003), the power law densification model and the D-R-PH (dynamic, rigidplastic hardening) shock model . Because the assurance of the repeatability of samples and the measurement of local stress and strain states have not been well solved by experimental techniques, finite element (FE) method has been applied to simulate the dynamic crushing of cellular materials, such as regular/irregular honeycombs (Ruan et al., 2003;Zheng et al., 2005;Liu et al., 2009;Zou et al., 2009;Hu and Yu, 2013) and open-/closed-cell foams Zheng et al., 2014;Sun et al., 2016). The typical features of stress enhancement and deformation localization can be appropriately represented.The introduction of gradient to cellular structures may influence the macroscopic mechanical properties, and thus graded cellular materials have become popular in energy absorption and impact resistance. The compressive mechanical ...

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“…Finally, material commences to densify completely. Of importance is the fact that open-cell material is strain rate insensitive while rate sensitive response may be expected for closed-cell Al foam, for which elastic-plastic is typical and, hence, micro-inertia effect dominates [23][24][25]. The latter effect results in the increase of plateau stress when strain rate increases essentially.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Behaviour of the Porous and Foam Aluminium in Conditions of Compression: Determination of Key Mechanical Characteristics

Byakova¹,

Vlasov²,

Semenov³

et al. 2017

Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol.

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The paper emphasizes harmonized recommendations for mechanical tests of highly-porous aluminium and aluminium foam to be applicable for analysing their compression response under quasi-static loading as well as determining reliable and reproducible results essentially required for practice problems of engineering design. Key mechanical parameters are designated and specified by considering distinctive features of deformation patterns indicative of porous aluminium and aluminium foam with a cellular structure. Special attention is paid to the problem related to inhomogeneous deformation of the above-mentioned materials, resulting in variation of quasi-elastic structural stiffness as well as shape and length of plateau regime of the stress-strain curve. Application of the harmonized recommendations is demonstrated with using several kinds of foam aluminium fabricated in line with different processing route. Using the above recommendation, significant effect of processing additives on micromechanism of deformation and, in turn, on macroCorresponding author: Oleksandra Viktorivna Zatsarna E-mail: alexsandra.ku@gmail.com Key words: porous metals, metallic foams, compression test, quasi-static loading.В роботі висвітлено новітні унормовані рекомендації стосовно механічних випробувань високопоруватого та спіненого алюмінію, які є придатними для аналізу механічної поведінки цих матеріялів в умовах стиснення та отримання надійних та відтворюваних результатів, істотно необхідних для вирішення задач інженерної практики. З урахуванням особливостей деформаційних кривих, притаманних комірчастій структурі високопору-ватого та спіненого алюмінію, надано відомості щодо визначення їхніх ключових механічних характеристик. Особливу увагу приділено неодно-рідному характеру деформації зазначених матеріялів, що спричиняє змі-ни у структурній цупкості, а також формі та довжині ділянки плато на кривій «напруження-деформація». Застосування унормованих рекомен-дацій було продемонстровано із застосуванням декількох видів спіненого алюмінію, виготовленого за різними технологічними процедурами. З урахуванням висвітлених рекомендацій зареєстровано істотний вплив технологічних додатків на мікромеханізм деформації та, як наслідок, на механічну поведінку спіненого алюмінію в цілому, що пояснюється за-брудненням матеріялу стінок між комірками сторонніми продуктами ре-акцій.Ключові слова: пористі метали, металеві піни, випробування на стиск, квазистатичне навантаження.В работе приведены современные рекомендации для механических испы-таний высокопористого и вспененного алюминия, которые пригодны для анализа механического поведения этих материалов в условиях сжатия и получения надёжных и воспроизводимых результатов, необходимых для решения задач инженерной практики. С учётом особенностей деформаци-онных кривых, присущих ячеистой структуре высокопористого и вспе-ненного алюминия, представлены сведения относительно определения их ключевых механических характеристик. Особое внимание уделено неод-нородному характеру деформации указанных материалов, что ...

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Experimental study of energy absorption in a close-celled aluminum foam under dynamic loading

Cited by 290 publications

References 9 publications

Strain-rate sensitivity of foam materials: A numerical study using 3D image-based finite element model

Strain-rate sensitivity of foam materials: A numerical study using 3D image-based finite element model

Stress Distribution in Graded Cellular Materials Under Dynamic Compression

Mechanical Behaviour of the Porous and Foam Aluminium in Conditions of Compression: Determination of Key Mechanical Characteristics

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