Experimental study of flammability limits of methane/air mixtures at low temperatures and elevated pressures

Chen, Gan; Li, Zili; Yang, Chao

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.116

Cited by 55 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Please note that the reported lower temperature differs per fuel following the variation in flashpoint or boiling point of oxygen. Comparison of flammability limits of estimated by using KiBo (lines) and collected experimentally (symbols) for hydrogen [81,82], LNG [83][84][85], and ethylene [70,86]. Please consider that experimental data for LNG refer to pure methane, only.…”

Section: Flammability Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a way of example, the application of solid powders forming a layer on the pool surface to isolate it from the oxidative environment is under development and is still facing some problems related to the decomposition of solid material exposed to extreme temperatures [164]. Furthermore, the addition of inert gaseous species (e.g., nitrogen or carbon dioxide) can be considered, requiring the estimation of flammability limits and minimum oxygen concentration of cryogenic fuels at a temperature below ambient condition [85]. However, the latter alternative is effective only if it can considerably reduce the content of oxygen in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Reactive Liquid-vapor Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4.Comparison of flammability limits of estimated by using KiBo (lines) and collected experimentally (symbols) for hydrogen[81,82], LNG[83][84][85], and ethylene[70,86]. Please consider that experimental data for LNG refer to pure methane, only.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Accidental Combustion Phenomena at Cryogenic Conditions

Pio¹,

Salzano²

2021

Safety

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The presented state of the art can be intended as an overview of the current understandings and the remaining challenges on the phenomenological aspects involving systems operating at ultra-low temperature, which typically characterize the cryogenic fuels, i.e., liquefied natural gas and liquefied hydrogen. To this aim, thermodynamic, kinetic, and technological aspects were included and integrated. Either experimental or numerical techniques currently available for the evaluation of safety parameters and the overall reactivity of systems at cryogenic temperatures were discussed. The main advantages and disadvantages of different alternatives were compared. Theoretical background and suitable models were reported given possible implementation to the analyzed conditions. Attention was paid to models describing peculiar phenomena mainly relevant at cryogenic temperatures (e.g., para-to-ortho transformation and thermal stratification in case of accidental release) as well as critical aspects involving standard phenomena (e.g., ultra-low temperature combustion and evaporation rate).

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Section: Flammability Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reactive Liquid-vapor Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accidental Combustion Phenomena at Cryogenic Conditions

Pio¹,

Salzano²

2021

Safety

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“…Notice that the heat release terms, given in Eqs. (11) and (14), can represent processes of complete or incomplete combustion depending on which species are expected in the products. Hence, another form to obtain k FL is to substitute Eqs.…”

Section: Co 2 (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FLs of a combustible-air mixture depend on the initial temperature and pressure conditions [7][8][9][10][11]. Also, there are different standard test methods to determine the FL [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for determination of flammability limits of gaseous compounds diluted with N2 and CO2 in air

Mendiburu

Carvalho

Coronado

2018

Fuel

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The present work studies the flammability limits of combustible-diluent-air mixtures at 25°C and 1 atm pressure. The diluent species, considered in this study, were nitrogen and carbon dioxide. A factor called k FL was obtained from mass and energy conservation, this factor relates the flammability limit of a combustible-air mixture to that of a combustible-diluent-air mixture. The factor k FL varies with diluent concentration. Nevertheless, it was shown that an average value of this factor k () FL av can represent, with good accuracy, the variation of the flammability limits with diluent concentration. An empirical method to determine the flammability limits of combustible-diluent-air mixtures was developed. The method approximates k FL av by means of correlations. For the total set of experimental data, it was found that, for dilution with N 2 and CO 2 respectively: (a) at the LFL the Average of the relative errors (AARE) were 4.02% and 7.01%, the squared correlation coefficients (R 2) were 0.9833 and 0.9660; and (b) at the UFL the AAREs were 3.91% and 5.57%, the R 2 were 0.9920 and 0.9792. At the Fuel Inertization Point (FIP) there is an inert concentration above which the mixture is non-flammable. A method was developed to determine the diluent mole fraction in the combustible-inert mixture at the FIP. The AAREs of 0.82% and 1.95% were obtained for dilution with N 2 and CO 2 , respectively.

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Effect of fluorine-containing explosion suppressants on methane explosions

He,

Deng,

et al. 2024

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Experimental study of flammability limits of methane/air mixtures at low temperatures and elevated pressures

Cited by 55 publications

References 29 publications

Accidental Combustion Phenomena at Cryogenic Conditions

Accidental Combustion Phenomena at Cryogenic Conditions

Method for determination of flammability limits of gaseous compounds diluted with N2 and CO2 in air

Effect of fluorine-containing explosion suppressants on methane explosions

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