Experimental study of fluid behaviors from water and nitrogen floods on a 3-D visual fractured-vuggy model

Qu, Ming; Hou, Jirui; Qi, Pengpeng; Zhao, Fu‐Gang; Ma, Shixi; Churchwell, Lauren; Wang, Qian; Li, Hui; Yang, Tong

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2018.03.007

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The amount of remaining oil increased gradually from the production well to the injection well. In a single fault, the remaining oil was accumulated in the middle part, which was similar to the remaining oil distribution in a single cave (Qu et al 2018). In addition, there was some remaining oil in the bypass zone (the red cycle in Fig.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…And then, the similar process of fluid flow occurred in Fault B, and the oil was displaced laterally to Fault C and finally produced from the production well. The oil-displacement process in the fault was similar to that in a single cave (Qu et al 2018). At the beginning of primary gas flooding, the oil in the near-production-well area of Fault C was mainly recovered with the driving force of bottom water, because no gas flowed into Fault C. The water cut in this period was lowered to zero, as depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The oil at the upper part of the injection well was displaced downward. Then with the co-effect of gas injection and bottom water drive (Qu et al 2018), the oil in Fault A was displaced laterally to Fault B through the fractures between the two faults. And then, the similar process of fluid flow occurred in Fault B, and the oil was displaced laterally to Fault C and finally produced from the production well.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs: karst fault system

Song

Zhao

et al. 2020

Pet. Sci.

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Gas injection serves as a main enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir, but its effect differs among single wells and multi-well groups because of the diverse fractured-vuggy configuration. Many researchers conducted experiments for the observation of fluid flow and the evaluation of production performance, while most of their physical models were fabricated based on the probability distribution of fractures and caves in the reservoir. In this study, a two-dimensional physical model of the karst fault system was designed and fabricated based on the geological model of TK748 well group in the seventh block of the Tahe Oilfield. The fluid flow and production performance of primary gas flooding were discussed. Gas-assisted gravity flooding was firstly introduced to take full use of gas-oil gravity difference, and its feasibility in the karst fault system was examined. Experimental results showed that primary gas flooding created more flow paths and achieved a remarkable increment of oil recovery compared to water flooding. Gas injection at a lower location was recommended to delay gas breakthrough. Gas-assisted gravity flooding achieved more stable gas-displacing-oil because oil production was at a lower location, and thus, the oil recovery was further enhanced.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs: karst fault system

Song

Zhao

et al. 2020

Pet. Sci.

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“…A total of 20% of oil recovery can be achieved in two-dimensional visualized models during N 2 flooding [21]. Additionally, the phase flow behaviors of water and N 2 in a three-dimensional visualized fracture-vuggy model were studied and investigated [22]. Nr was proposed to describe the synergistic effects between the gas cap and bottom water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Fluid Behaviors of Foam-Assisted Nitrogen Flooding on a Three-Dimensional Visualized Fracture–Vuggy Model

Liang

Hou

2021

Applied Sciences

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Tahe Oilfield, located in northwest China, is an unconventional fracture–vuggy carbonate reservoir. The foam-assisted nitrogen gas flooding technology has been proven to be a potential EOR technology. However, the flow behaviors of foam-assisted nitrogen gas in fracture–vuggy structures are not clear due to the complex fracture–vuggy structures and their strong heterogeneity. In this work, a three-dimensional visualized fracture–vuggy model is designed and fabricated to investigate the fluids behaviors of foam-assisted N2 flooding and classify the residual oil types after foam-assisted N2 flooding. Experimental results reveal that foam slug can enlarge the sweep efficiency, suppress the formation of nitrogen gas channeling, and detach the oil film. Additionally, the evolution processes of the gas–oil and oil–water interfaces are investigated and analyzed. Moreover, the residual oil types after foam-assisted N2 flooding and nitrogen gas flooding, respectively, are classified and summarized. Compared to nitrogen gas flooding after water flooding, 12.36% more oil can be recovered through foam-assisted N2 flooding. This work further studies the fluid flow behaviors of foam-assisted N2 in the three-dimensional visualized fracture–vuggy carbonate model and also confirms the previous achievements.

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“…The potential-tapping strategies were further presented for various remaining oil distribution patterns. In addition, to tackle the drawbacks of rapid production decline and low recovery rate caused by weak natural energy and sharp water cut rise, many researchers also made great attempts to investigate the feasibility of cyclic water huff and puff (CWHP) 15,16 , N 2 stimulation 17 , N 2 flooding 12,18,19 and N 2 -based foam 20 to enhance oil recovery for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs, as they believed that there should be a certain EOR method suitable for this type of reservoir. The CWHP was proven to be one of the most efficient techniques to improve oil production performance during the late stage of depletion-drive recovery mainly because of its high input-output ratio and relatively strong flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil recovery for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs by cyclic water huff and puff: performance analysis and prediction

Wang

Sun

2019

Sci Rep

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Cyclic water huff and puff (CWHP) has proven to be an attractive alternative to improve oil production performance after depletion-drive recovery in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs. However, due to the impact of strong heterogeneity, multiple types of fractured-vuggy medium, poor connectivity, complex flow behaviors and oil-water relationship, CWHP is merely suitable for specific types of natural fractured-vuggy medium, usually causing a great difference in actual oil-yielding effect. It remains a great challenge for accurate evaluation of CWHP adaptability and quantitative prediction of production performance in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir, which severely restricts the application of CWHP. For this study, we firstly enable the newly developed fuzzy grey relational analysis to quantify the adaptability of CWHP. With production history of several targeted producers, the accuracy of the proposed method is validated. Based on the traditional percolation theory and waterflood mechanisms in various types of fractured-vuggy medium, a quantitative prediction model for cyclic water cut fwp and increased recovery factor ΔR is presented. The CWHP production performance is discussed by using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for history matching. With a better understanding of the fwp ~ ΔR curve characteristics in different types of fractured-vuggy medium, proper strategies or measures for potential-tapping remaining oil are provided. This methodology can also offer a good basis for engineers and geologists to develop other similar reservoirs with high efficiency.

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Experimental study of fluid behaviors from water and nitrogen floods on a 3-D visual fractured-vuggy model

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs: karst fault system

Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs: karst fault system

Study on Fluid Behaviors of Foam-Assisted Nitrogen Flooding on a Three-Dimensional Visualized Fracture–Vuggy Model

Oil recovery for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs by cyclic water huff and puff: performance analysis and prediction

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