Experimental Study of High Frequency Electromagnetic Field Penetration Through Building Material - Concrete Wall

Pavlík, Marek; Zbojovský, Ján; Oliinyk, Maksym; Ivancak, Michal

doi:10.1109/epe.2019.8778183

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The experimental measurement itself cannot be performed in a routine laboratory or other non-adapted enclosed space [ 20 ]. The reason is the sensitivity of ALT to parasitic reflections of the high-frequency signal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Method of Evaluation of Radio Altimeter Methodological Error in Laboratory Environment

Kurdel

Češkovič

Gecejová

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The presented article is focused on the evaluation of aviation radio altimeter (ALT) methodological error in order to increase air traffic safety. It briefly explains the background of methodological error at the theoretical level and offers practical conclusions to understand the issue. A radio altimeter provides information on an aircraft or helicopter’s instantaneous (radar) altitude or UAV to the pilot and another assistance system, such as an autopilot or an anticollision system. The height measurement of the most common used ALTs is realized with an accuracy of from ±0.30 m to ±0.75 m. This error rate corresponds to and is caused by the radio altimeter’s methodological error (ΔH). The ALT operating parameters are defined by carrier frequency, modulation frequency, and frequency lift. The methodological error of ALT can be obtained in three ways—calculated on a theoretical level, simulated in a suitable simulation environment, or evaluated in laboratory conditions. The ambiguity of ALT methodological error measurement causes bias in its presentation. This often leads to an incorrect determination of measurement inaccuracy (too optimistic statement of error value). The article’s primary goal is to present a new method for determining the value of the methodological error and its effect on the resulting error of measurement of the radio altitude (radar altitude). It presents a new experimental laboratory method for measuring ΔH and the resulting accuracy of height measurement with a radio altimeter. Thanks to this method, it can be verified that the information obtained by measuring the height above the ground corresponds to the standard specified by the manufacturer.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Method of Evaluation of Radio Altimeter Methodological Error in Laboratory Environment

Kurdel

Češkovič

Gecejová

et al. 2022

Sensors

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show abstract

“…The authors in Refs. [2,3] presented research focused on the effectiveness of shielding the electromagnetic field. The research was focused on two brick samples with different air-gap sizes.…”

Section: Shielding Of Electromagnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors concluded that the combination of this type of paint with other materials, especially glue and water, is not suitable and is not recommended. This conclusion suggests that when selecting materials for shielding purposes, it is important to consider their combination, as some combinations can significantly reduce the expected shielding effectiveness [2][3][4].…”

Section: Shielding Of Electromagnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impedance of free space is determined by the square root of the ratio of vacuum permeability to vacuum permittivity [2]: The authors in Refs. [2,3] presented research focused on the effectiveness of shielding the electromagnetic field. The research was focused on two brick samples with different air-gap sizes.…”

Section: Shielding Of Electromagnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best absorbers include seawater, slate, clays, and graphite. A portion of the microwaves are also absorbed into the ground, while some are reflected, so the nature of exposure in an outdoor environment greatly depends on the geography of the area [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Various Commonly Used Building Materials on the Shielding Effectiveness, Reflection and Absorption of the Electromagnetic Wave

Pavlík,

Bereš,

Beňa

2024

Applied Sciences

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People spend two-thirds of their time in buildings. Building materials are, therefore, natural shielding for us. Many studies describe the shielding effect of non-building materials. This study evaluates the shielding effectiveness (SE) of electromagnetic fields for various building materials over a frequency range of 1 GHz to 9 GHz. Measurements of SE, reflection (R), and calculated absorption (A) were conducted to determine the shielding properties of mineral wool (MW), hardened polystyrene (PT), extruded polystyrene (PE), polyurethane board (PUR), brick wall (BW), brick wall filled with mineral wool (BW-MW), and concrete wall. The results demonstrate that MW, PT, PE, and PUR exhibit low SE and R, indicating minimal shielding capabilities, with absorption values that do not significantly deviate from the level of measurement uncertainty. Conversely, BW, BW-MW, and concrete wall materials exhibit high SE, with notably increased absorption at higher frequencies, highlighting their potential for effective EMI shielding. Particularly, the concrete wall presents the highest absorption values, making it a superior choice for shielding applications. Reflection trends revealed a plateau for BW in the 6 GHz to 9 GHz range, indicating a frequency-dependent behavior of shielding mechanisms. This study underscores the importance of balancing reflective and absorptive properties in shielding materials and suggests that composite materials may offer enhanced performance. The findings of this research provide guidance for the selection and design of shielding materials in environments with a frequency spectrum of electromagnetic frequencies from 1 GHz to 9 GHz.

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Low-Cost L-Band FMCW Radar for Motion Detection Behind Multiple Walls

Hussein

Zekry

Abouelatta

et al. 2022

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Experimental Study of High Frequency Electromagnetic Field Penetration Through Building Material - Concrete Wall

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

The Method of Evaluation of Radio Altimeter Methodological Error in Laboratory Environment

The Method of Evaluation of Radio Altimeter Methodological Error in Laboratory Environment

The Influence of Various Commonly Used Building Materials on the Shielding Effectiveness, Reflection and Absorption of the Electromagnetic Wave

Low-Cost L-Band FMCW Radar for Motion Detection Behind Multiple Walls

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