Experimental Study of Mean Droplet Size From Pressure Swirl Atomizer

Abstract

This experimental study undertakes the measurements of droplet Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) at different axial distances for the hollow-cone nozzle and different radial distances from the spray centreline using a laser-diffraction-based drop size analyser in order to validate atomization model. The study also investigates the influence of injection pressure and the evaluation of two exit orifice diameters on the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD). The drop size distributions along the nozzle centreline as well as the radial drop distributions from spray centreline are also evaluated. To enhance the physics of liquid sheet instability and liquid film breakup mechanisms, visualization of liquid film breakup as a function of injection pressure was carried out. The results show that mean droplet size (SMD) increases in the axial distance on the spray centreline but decreases with an increasing injection pressure on the spray centreline. It was observed that larger sized drops occupy the spray periphery compared to those occupying the spray core. For the nozzle exit orifice diameters of 3.5 mm and 1.5 mm, the results show that the small nozzle exhibits smaller SMDs than the bigger nozzle and the break-up lengths are different for the two nozzles. The drop size distributions at radial positions showed an increase in droplet formation through the spray downstream distances and become more uniform. The visualisation of the spray was carried out using high-speed camera and it was noted that a well-defined hollow-cone spray was captured and that the spray angle increases with the injection pressure but reduces with the liquid film length.

Characteristics of Droplet Behaviors during Spray Breakup Process

“…The effect of turbulence is much less when the ambient pressure is very high. Amedorme [26] studied the variation of droplets injected by a swirl atomizer at different locations. The SMD increased along the center line in the axial direction.…”