“…In many previous studies using direct measurements from high-speed movie images, such as those of Wang and Dhir (1993a, b), Pinto, Gorenflo, and Künstler (1996), Lee, et al (2003), and Kim, Oh, and Kim (2006) the bubbles have been relatively isolated from one another. This type of behavior is observed in less wetting fluids, fluids on smooth surfaces, or at low heat fluxes.…”