Experimental study of regulated and unregulated emissions from a diesel engine using coal-based fuels

Yan, Hua; Liu, Shuai; Li, Ruina; Mei, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118658

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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Section: Coal-based Diesel Blended With Biomassmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…46 Additionally, studies have found that FT diesel that contains both coal and biomass would have reduced NOx and smoke emissions. 47 Other studies have also found that these blends result in a reduction in CO and soot emissions over conventional diesel. 48 This blend of feedstock would be economically viable when oil-derived diesel prices are about $2.96-$3.16 per gallon or with government subsidies.…”

Section: Coal-based Diesel Blended With Biomassmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The future of coal as a transportation fuel

Mittal

Shah²,

Huq

2021

Energy & Environment

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Due to environmental concerns and cost issues, coal is currently being phased out from usage in electricity production. Regardless, there remains a massive stockpile of coal reserves along with a large industrial complex and a robust distribution/processing infrastructure. As such, coal should be considered for usage in other energy areas. Since coal is simply a solid hydrocarbon, it can be converted over for usage as a transportation fuel. The Fischer-Tropsch process that underlies this conversion is well established with some countries like South Africa currently using it at large scales. Unfortunately, this conversion process has a large carbon footprint, even when using carbon capture technology. However, the blending of coal-based fuels with biodiesel has been found to be more carbon neutral than standard diesel or biodiesel alone. Additionally, coal can be used as an alternate to methane for hydrogen production. Given carbon capture technologies and the existing coal infrastructure, these two uses of coal provide opportunities for a sustainable and economical use of coal as a transportation fuel.

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Section: Coal-based Diesel Blended With Biomassmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Coal-based Diesel Blended With Biomassmentioning

confidence: 96%

The future of coal as a transportation fuel

Mittal

Shah²,

Huq

2021

Energy & Environment

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“…Particle pore size distribution and quantity concentration are important parameters to characterize particles' distribution and evaluate the compactness of particle structure. Using Equations ( 5) to (10) and combining the scattering curve, the pore distribution and quantity concentration of particulate matter in the exhaust process shown in Figure 6d are obtained. Figure 6d shows that during the exhaust process, along the exhaust direction, the pore size of the agglomerated particles gradually shifted to a smaller value, the number of pores gradually decreased, and it was approximately normally distributed.…”

Section: Particle Pore Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In diesel engines' exhaust process, particles are prone to secondary growth processes such as collision and aggregation, condensation, and agglomeration, promoting the reduction of the number of particles and the increase of the cluster particles volume 6–8 . Relevant studies have shown that force between particles is the direct cause of particle agglomeration, 9,10 affecting the spatial structure parameters, such as inter‐particle porosity fractal dimension characteristics 11 . Studying the particles' mechanical characteristics and state characteristics (morphology and spatial structure) in the diesel engines' exhaust process and establishing the relationship between the two is indispensable in perfecting exhaust particles' evolution process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation analysis of mechanical and state characteristics of diesel engine exhaust particles

Liu

Zhang

Wang

2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Aiming at the influence of diesel engine exhaust particle mechanical characteristics on the state characteristics, studies were carried out using atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray small-angle scattering.The variation rules of cluster-particle interaction force and state characteristic parameters such as particle morphology and spatial structure were discussed. According to the principle of normalization, the relationship between the mechanical and state characteristics of the particles is analyzed. The results show that as the particle size increases in the exhaust process, the attractive force F at , adhesion F ad, and adhesion energy W ad increase between the particles, F at from 1.27 to 1.58 nN, F ad from 3.75 to 4.38 nN, W ad from 2.17 Â 10 À16 to 2.44 Â 10 À16 J. The particles are gradually agglomerated, and the cluster size is increased, indicating a certain relationship between the mechanical characteristics of the particles and the morphology. Along the exhaust direction, the particle equivalent diameter increases, and the mechanical characteristics are enhanced, while the organic matter and moisture in the exhaust are continuously adsorbed, aggravating the aggregation and shrinkage between the particles. The scattering characteristic parameters q min and q T decrease, q min from 0.34 to 0.28 and q T from 0.72 to 0.63, the pore structure parameters decrease, the pore number concentration decreases, the peak pore size changes from 7-9 nm to 5-6 nm, the agglomerate particle structure defects decrease and the density is increased, indicating that there is a certain relationship between the mechanical characteristics of the particles and the spatial structure.diesel engine, exhaust particles, mechanical characteristics, state characteristics | INTRODUCTIONDue to their high thermal efficiency, high reliability, and fuel economy, diesel engines are still widely used in transportation and power generation. 1,2 However, particulate matter emissions from diesel engines are one of the primary sources of environmental pollutants. The emission of particulate matter negatively impacts the environment and harms human health. Fine particles cause respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. 3,4 With the increasingly stringent emission regulations, the quality and quantity of diesel particulate emissions have been strictly limited. 5 In diesel engines' exhaust process, particles are prone to secondary growth processes such as collision and aggregation, condensation, and agglomeration, promoting the reduction of the number of particles and the increase of the cluster particles volume. [6][7][8] Relevant studies have shown that force between particles is the direct cause of particle agglomeration, 9,10 affecting the spatial structure parameters, such as inter-particle porosity fractal dimension characteristics. 11 Studying the particles' mechanical characteristics

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“…Therefore, burning diesel and oxygenated fuels produced from coal in diesel engines can not only promote the clean utilization of coal resources but also reduce the dependence of overseas petroleum to a certain extent. Generally, coal-based diesel fuels can be produced by direct and indirect lique cation of coal [1][2][3]. In addition, coal can be used to produce oxygenated fuels with high cetane numbers, such as dimethyl ether (DME) [4,5] and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn) [6-8], which are suitable for diesel engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and emissions of a high-pressure common-rail diesel engine fueled by coal-based diesel fuels and their blends with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers

Zhao

Niu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The objective of this study was to investigate the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled by coal-based diesel fuels and their blends with oxygenated fuel polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn). First, coal-based Fischer–Tropsch diesel fuel was blended with hydrogenated diesel fuel at three volume ratios of 40%/60%, 50%/50%, and 60%/40%, denoted as T6W4, T5W5, and T4W6, respectively. Then, PODEn were added into the T4W6 fuel with the volume ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% to evaluate its effects on the performance and emissions of a coal-based diesel engine. The results showed that the output torques and powers of the three coal-based diesel blends were slightly lower than those of the petroleum diesel fuel. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the coal-based diesel fuels was almost the same as that of the petroleum diesel fuel. The brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) of the coal-based diesel blends were slightly lower than that of the petroleum diesel fuel, and the maximum reduction was 1.59%. The pollutant emissions of T5W5 were the closest to those of petroleum diesel fuel. The NOx emissions of T4W6 were lower, with a maximum decrease of 12.16% compared with the petroleum diesel. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of T6W4 were the highest, and the smoke emissions of T4W6 and T6W4 were higher than those of petroleum diesel fuel. Adding PODEn into T4W6 lowered the engine power and torque but increased the BSFC and BTE. The output torque and power of the diesel engine were further reduced when PODEn were blended with T4W6. With an increase in the PODEn blending ratio, BSFC and BTE increased gradually, and the maximum increase in the BTE was 1.57%. Blending PODEn with the fuel effectively improved the emission characteristics of the coal-based diesel fuels, and the NOx emissions increased slightly. The emissions of HC, CO, and smoke were reduced significantly, with maximum reductions of 19.15%, 26.65%, and 82.35%, respectively.

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Experimental study of regulated and unregulated emissions from a diesel engine using coal-based fuels

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

The future of coal as a transportation fuel

The future of coal as a transportation fuel

Correlation analysis of mechanical and state characteristics of diesel engine exhaust particles

Performance and emissions of a high-pressure common-rail diesel engine fueled by coal-based diesel fuels and their blends with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers

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