Experimental study of single-file pedestrian movement with height constraints

Ma, Jian; Shi, Dong; Li, Tao; Li, Xiaofei; Xu, Tong; Lin, Ping

doi:10.1088/1742-5468/ab99c0

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Their average age is 23.6 ranging from 19 to 28, while their average height is 166 cm ranging from 155 to 183 cm. Different from the movement on level plane [15][16][17], the movement on the stairs is a little complex and can be divided into three stages, namely, descending, level movement and ascending. Two types of obstacle were considered.…”

Section: (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Unidirectional Pedestrian Descending and Ascending Stair With a Fixed Obstacle

et al. 2022

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Staircase is one of the most essential vertical passageway for pedestrians’ timely evacuation, and has distinct constraint on pedestrians’ movement characteristics when compared with corridors and hallways. During evacuation, temporary obstacles can be observed on stairs, e.g., the abruptly stopped pedestrians or the luggage of pedestrians discarded. It is noticed that studies on the effect of obstacles on pedestrian dynamics mainly focused on planar locomotion, the impact of obstacle on the movement characteristics of pedestrians ascending and descending stairs have not been systematically studied yet. Therefore, in this study, a series of unidirectional pedestrian avoid obstacle movement experiments on staircase under controlled laboratory conditions were performed. The avoidance characteristic of pedestrians is observed from trajectory diagram. Target drift angle towards left and right is further calculated and analyzed. The study found that target drift angle curve occur to relatively large fluctuations to avoid obstacle of a pedestrian rather than not appear to obvious variety to avoid obstacle of a suitcase. Meanwhile, the change trend of target drift angle towards left and right for scenarios S3 and S4 is consistent with results of scenarios S1 and S2. Then, an interesting discovery indicates that the pedestrians will accelerate after passing obstacles whether it is ascending process or descending process. Finally, the obstacle of a pedestrian will accelerate the movement efficiency in ascending process from results of flow rates, but the result is contrary to that of descending process. The systematic experimental data can not only be used for the verification and validation of pedestrian models but also can provide a benchmark for the design of related facilities aiming at improving traffic efficiency.

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Section: (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Unidirectional Pedestrian Descending and Ascending Stair With a Fixed Obstacle

et al. 2022

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“…In fact, except for crawling, there is another posture suitable for evacuation. It has been reported that pedestrian moving posture can evolve from normal walking, stoop walking, and crawling in sequence due to the gradual decline of the smoke layer (Yang et al 2012, Zheng et al 2017, Cao et al 2018a, Ma et al 2020a, Ma et al 2020b. Stoop walking could be a promising way to safely escape a fire, but as yet, only a few studies have been found to focus on this topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result demonstrated that the mean speed of upright walking, stoop walking and knee and hand crawling were 1.93, 1.84 and 0.84 m s −1 , respectively. More recently, Ma et al (2020b) extracted the density-speed fundamental diagrams from a single-file experiment where pedestrians changed their posture from keeping upright to stoop walking in an oval-like corridor under five different height constraints. They found an interesting result that the free speed of pedestrians at the constraint height of 1.4 m reached as high as 1.42 m s −1 , which was greater than that obtained at the other four heights (0.95 m s −1 at 1 m, 1.30 m s −1 at 1.2 m, 1.19 m s −1 at 1.6 m, and 1.35 m s −1 at 2.0 m).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of height constraints on unidirectional pedestrian flow

Chen¹,

Shi²,

Ma³

2022

J. Stat. Mech.

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In case of fire evacuation, pedestrians would have to utmost minimize their exposure to smoke and meanwhile escape as fast as possible. Under these circumstances, the smoke layer forms a height constraint for the pedestrians. Understanding pedestrian movement features, especially in response to the discrepancy smoke layer heights, is vital to the evacuation safety evaluation. In the present paper, a series of unidirectional pedestrian movement experiments under controlled laboratory conditions were performed by setting five different height constraints (H = 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 2.0 m). The trajectories of each pedestrian in all scenarios have been extracted from video recordings of the experiments. With these data, typical pedestrian behaviors including lane formation and overtaking have been identified and discussed. Time-space characteristics were also detailed to explore the effect of height constraint. As indicated by the distribution of the nth-nearest neighbor, the available heights only have a slight influence on the collision avoidance feature. However, the height constraints do affect the speed and specific flow with increasing pedestrian density. For a height constraint of H = 1.2 m, the pedestrian speed presented a clear drop when compared with the height constraint of H = 1.4 m. What is more, in the density range of this study, the maximum flow is not observed for height constraints of H = 1.4, 1.6 and 2.0 m, however, the flow reaches its maximum value of 0.58 and 0.78 for constraint heights H = 1.0 and 1.2 m, respectively. These findings provide not only fundamental data of pedestrian movement with height constraints, but also new insights into the complex pedestrian movement features in an emergency.

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“…Stop-and-go behavior is more frequent, and pedestrians stop longer time with music. In Ma et al (2020), pedestrians bend to walk due to height constraints in the experiments. The maximum velocity occurs at an intermediate height constraint, due to the posture and gravity center of pedestrians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The movement characteristics of pedestrians on a single-file track at the uphill and downhill conditions

Guo¹,

Ding²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

J. Stat. Mech.

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Ramps, as very common building structures, are widely used in railway stations, subways, shopping malls and other public places. In order to study the movement characteristics of pedestrians both uphill and downhill, we present a group of single-file movement experiments of pedestrians on a ramp with a 9° slope. It is found that in the free flow state, the average speed uphill and downhill is about 1.1 m s−1, while the average speed on the flat surface is about 1.4 m s−1. As the density increases, the critical densities at which the speed of pedestrians begins to decrease going uphill and downhill are both slightly higher than that on the flat surface. We also propose a step-based model considering different step frequencies and step lengths of pedestrians to simulate the movement on the ramp. Compared with the experimental results, it is shown that the model can reproduce the pedestrian’s walking behavior on the ramp well.

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Experimental study of single-file pedestrian movement with height constraints

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Experimental Study on Unidirectional Pedestrian Descending and Ascending Stair With a Fixed Obstacle

Experimental Study on Unidirectional Pedestrian Descending and Ascending Stair With a Fixed Obstacle

Effect of height constraints on unidirectional pedestrian flow

The movement characteristics of pedestrians on a single-file track at the uphill and downhill conditions

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