Experimental Study of the Aerodynamic Interaction between the Forewing and Hindwing of a Beetle-Type Ornithopter

Takahashi, Hidetoshi; Abe, Kanji; Takahata, Tomoyuki

doi:10.3390/aerospace5030083

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Thus, the measurement could be conducted in completely free flight. The sensor system was applied, not only to the moth-modelled ornithopter, but also to a dragonfly-modelled ornithopter, with different phase lags between the forewings and hindwings [ 119 ], as well as a beetle-modelled ornithopter with fixed forewings [ 120 ]. In each study, the differential pressure during flight was measured, and the aerodynamic performances were evaluated when the characteristic parameters were varied.…”

Section: Measurement Of Flight/aerodynamic Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS-Based Micro Sensors for Measuring the Tiny Forces Acting on Insects

Takahashi

2022

Sensors

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Small insects perform agile locomotion, such as running, jumping, and flying. Recently, many robots, inspired by such insect performance, have been developed and are expected to be smaller and more maneuverable than conventional robots. For the development of insect-inspired robots, understanding the mechanical dynamics of the target insect is important. However, evaluating the dynamics via conventional commercialized force sensors is difficult because the exerted force and insect itself are tiny in strength and size. Here, we review force sensor devices, especially fabricated for measuring the tiny forces acting on insects during locomotion. As the force sensor, micro-force plates for measuring the ground reaction force and micro-force probes for measuring the flying force have mainly been developed. In addition, many such sensors have been fabricated via a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) process, due to the process precision and high sensitivity. In this review, we focus on the sensing principle, design guide, fabrication process, and measurement method of each sensor, as well as the technical challenges in each method. Finally, the common process flow of the development of specialized MEMS sensors is briefly discussed.

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Section: Measurement Of Flight/aerodynamic Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS-Based Micro Sensors for Measuring the Tiny Forces Acting on Insects

Takahashi

2022

Sensors

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“…Using micro differential pressure sensor developed using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology they found that this measured distribution is characteristic aerodynamic force during the flight phase and proposed that this method combined other experimental techniques such as digital particle image velocimetry helps understand the unsteady aerodynamic forces. [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. Experiments suggest that for substantial performance, the combination of a flapping phase with a feathering phase is significant in hovering and forward flight [ 92 ].…”

Section: Unique Kinematic Patterns and Wing Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Mosquito Aerodynamics for Imitation as a Small Robot and Flight in a Low-Density Environment

et al. 2021

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In terms of their flight and unusual aerodynamic characteristics, mosquitoes have become a new insect of interest. Despite transmitting the most significant infectious diseases globally, mosquitoes are still among the great flyers. Depending on their size, they typically beat at a high flapping frequency in the range of 600 to 800 Hz. Flapping also lets them conceal their presence, flirt, and help them remain aloft. Their long, slender wings navigate between the most anterior and posterior wing positions through a stroke amplitude about 40 to 45°, way different from their natural counterparts (>120°). Most insects use leading-edge vortex for lift, but mosquitoes have additional aerodynamic characteristics: rotational drag, wake capture reinforcement of the trailing-edge vortex, and added mass effect. A comprehensive look at the use of these three mechanisms needs to be undertaken—the pros and cons of high-frequency, low-stroke angles, operating far beyond the normal kinematic boundary compared to other insects, and the impact on the design improvements of miniature drones and for flight in low-density atmospheres such as Mars. This paper systematically reviews these unique unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of mosquito flight, responding to the potential questions from some of these discoveries as per the existing literature. This paper also reviews state-of-the-art insect-inspired robots that are close in design to mosquitoes. The findings suggest that mosquito-based small robots can be an excellent choice for flight in a low-density environment such as Mars.

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“…At the same time, many researchers have pointed out that the flapping modes and kinematics of the avian wing is very important to the high-lift and large-thrust during the flight of birds. The typical flapping modes can be divided into four categories: plunge, twist, sweep and fold [33][34][35][36]. Plunging motion is the core mode.…”

Section: Comments On Research Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Progress of Aerodynamic Mechanisms Based on Avian Leading-Edge Alula and Future Study Recommendations

et al. 2021

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Birds in nature have many unique devices to help them acquire excellent flight abilities under various complex flight conditions. One of the unique devices is the leading-edge alula, located at the junction of the arm wing and the hand wing of most birds. It often spreads out during takeoff and landing, probably playing a similar role to high-lift devices in fixed-wing aircraft. This paper analyzed and reviewed the results of current research on leading-edge alula, finding some important factors, such as the complex flapping motions, flexibility, and the plane and section shape of the wing, that have been ignored in current research to a certain extent. These would greatly affect the conclusions obtained. Hence, for a deeper understanding of the aerodynamic mechanisms and functions of the alula, some new study predictions for future research are presented. In addition, the feasible models and methods for further research based on these predictions are discussed and proposed. For example, the higher-accuracy LES or hybrid LES/RANS method and the combinations of these methods with wind-tunnel experiments using PIV technology are recommended.

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Experimental Study of the Aerodynamic Interaction between the Forewing and Hindwing of a Beetle-Type Ornithopter

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

MEMS-Based Micro Sensors for Measuring the Tiny Forces Acting on Insects

MEMS-Based Micro Sensors for Measuring the Tiny Forces Acting on Insects

Study of Mosquito Aerodynamics for Imitation as a Small Robot and Flight in a Low-Density Environment

The Progress of Aerodynamic Mechanisms Based on Avian Leading-Edge Alula and Future Study Recommendations

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