Experimental study of the impact of rainfall characteristics on runoff generation and soil erosion

Ran, Qihua; Su, Danyang; Li, Peng; He, Zhiguo

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.035

Cited by 206 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Under the condition of slope gradient kept the same, surface runoff increased with rainfall intensity when the simulated rainfall intensity was larger than 1.6 mm·min -1 (Figure 4b). Our result is consistent with other findings (Ran et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2015) in rainfall intensity increasing runoff, but surface runoff in our study decreased with rainfall intensity increased when the simulated rainfall intensity was less than 1.6 mm·min -1 (Figure 4b). This may be associated with a lager infiltration rate of purple soil, lower rainfall intensity with long duration compared to other studies.…”

Section: Rainfall Intensity and Slope Gradient Effects On Runoffsupporting

confidence: 93%

Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Feng

Cheng

Ding

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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Hydrological processes play important roles in soil erosion processes of the hillslopes. This study was conducted to investigate the hydrological processes and the associated erosional responses on the purple soil slope. Based on a comprehensive survey of the Wangjiaqiao watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir, four typical slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°and 20°) were applied to five rainfall intensities (0.6, 1.1, 1.61, 2.12 and 2.54 mm·min -1 ). The results showed that both surface and subsurface runoff varied greatly depending on the rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Surface runoff volume was 48.1 to 280.1 times of that for subsurface runoff. The critical slope gradient was about 10°. The sediment yield rate increased with increases in both rainfall intensity and slope gradient, while the effect of rainfall intensity on the sediment yield rate was greater than slope gradient. There was a good linear relationship between sediment yield rate and Reynolds numbers, flow velocity and stream power, while Froude numbers, Darcy-Weisbach and Manning friction coefficients were not good hydraulic indicators of the sediment yield rate of purple soil erosion. Among the three good indicators (Re, v and w), stream power was the best predictor of sediment yield rate (R 2 = 0.884). Finally, based on the power regression relationship between sediment yield rate, runoff rate, slope gradient and rainfall intensity, an erosion model was proposed to predict the purple soil erosion (R 2 = 0.897). The results can help us to understand the relationship between flow hydraulics and sediment generation of slope erosion and offer useful data for the building of erosion model in purple soil.

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Section: Rainfall Intensity and Slope Gradient Effects On Runoffsupporting

confidence: 93%

Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Feng

Cheng

Ding

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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“…Among these rainfall characteristics, rainfall intensity and duration are the two dominant factors that control the hydrologic response, an observation corroborates by others [49,50].…”

Section: Influence Of Rainfall Durationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Influence of Rainfall Characteristics on Total Suspended Solids in Urban Runoff: A Case Study in Beijing, China

Gong

Liang

et al. 2016

Water

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An urban rainfall-runoff water quality model was developed to simulate total suspend solids (TSS) using the stormwater management model (SWMM) for a 3.8 ha university campus in Beijing (approximately 76.5% impervious), and calibrated and validated against data from two observed rainfall events (221.2 and 16.6 mm rainfall). Model performance is satisfactory (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency 0.8 and 0.72 for flow and 0.74 and 0.51 for TSS concentration, respectively). A series of sensitivity model runs were conducted using the calibrated SWMM to study the influences of rainfall characteristics (rainfall hyetographs, depths and durations) and surface flooding on the TSS concentration in outlet runoff of the catchment. The Pilgrim and Cordery rainfall distribution defines a first-quartile storm (the most severe) and results in the highest peak discharge and TSS concentration at the outlet but the lowest outlet TSS load because of the highest TSS flood loss (32.3%). The simulated TSS pollutograph resulting from the Keifer and Chu rainfall distribution (with r = 0.5) is almost identical to that resulting from the alternating block rainfall distribution. Under the same rainfall hyetograph, simulated peak discharge and outlet TSS load are positively correlated (R 2 = 0.95) to the rainfall depth as a function of the return period.

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“…Studies looking in detail into individual rainfall event characteristics in RCM simulations are missing despite the fact that such characteristics of heavy rainfall events as event depth, duration, or intensity are relevant for urban hydrology (e.g. Einfalt et al, 1998;Barbosa et al, 2012;Willems et al, 2012) and determine characteristics of various hydrological processes as overland flow generation and shape of the resulting hydrograph (Singh, 1997), soil moisture dynamics (Wang et al, 2008;He et al, 2012), infiltration (Ran et al, 2012), rainfall erosion (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978), evaporation (Dunkerley, 2008a), storm sewer flow rates and direct runoff (Schilling, 1991;Giulianelli et al, 2006). Therefore considering these individual rainfall event characteristics is important also in RCM evaluation studies, which has been highlighted already by, for example, Westra et al (2014), who suggested (among other things) to focus on (spatial structure and) temporal evolution of rainfall events and their timing and intermittency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of rainfall events in regional climate model simulations for the Czech Republic

Svoboda

Hanel

Máca

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Characteristics of rainfall events in an ensemble of 23 regional climate model (RCM) simulations are evaluated against observed data in the Czech Republic for the period 1981-2000. Individual rainfall events are identified using the concept of minimum inter-event time (MIT) and only heavy events (15 % of events with the largest event depths) during the warm season (May-September) are considered. Inasmuch as an RCM grid box represents a spatial average, the effects of areal averaging of rainfall data on characteristics of events are investigated using the observed data. Rainfall events from the RCM simulations are then compared to those from the at-site and area-average observations. Simulated number of heavy events and seasonal total precipitation due to heavy events are on average represented relatively well despite the higher spatial variation compared to observations. RCM-simulated event depths are comparable to the area-average observations, while event durations are overestimated and other characteristics related to rainfall intensity are significantly underestimated. The differences between RCM-simulated and at-site observed rainfall event characteristics are in general dominated by the biases of the climate models rather than the areal-averaging effect. Most of the rainfall event characteristics in the majority of the RCM simulations show a similar altitude-dependence pattern as in the observed data. The number of heavy events and seasonal total precipitation due to heavy events increase with altitude, and this dependence is captured better by the RCM simulations with higher spatial resolution.

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Experimental study of the impact of rainfall characteristics on runoff generation and soil erosion

Cited by 206 publications

References 27 publications

Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Influence of Rainfall Characteristics on Total Suspended Solids in Urban Runoff: A Case Study in Beijing, China

Characteristics of rainfall events in regional climate model simulations for the Czech Republic

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