Experimental study of the plastic yielding of rolled sheet metals with the cruciform plate specimen

Advances in experiments on metal sheets and tubes in support of constitutive modeling and forming simulations

“…Fig. 2 shows examples of cruciform specimens from previous studies (Shiratori and Ikegami, 1968;Kreißig and Schindler, 1986;Ferron and Makinde, 1988;Makinde et al, 1992;Demmerle and Boehler, 1993;Boehler et al, 1994;Lin and Ding, 1995;Mü ller and Pö hlandt, 1996;Kuwabara et al, 1998;Hoferlin et al, 2000;Borsutzki et al, 2002). The cruciform specimens shown in Fig.…”

In-plane biaxial compression and tension testing of thin sheet materials

“…Well advanced methods for sheet metal characterization have been developed, such as uniaxial and biaxial tension tests, as well as shear tests. Especially the multiaxial tension loading tests using cruciform specimens are well established tools for specifying and verifying anisotropic yield criteria used in Finite Element (FE) simulations, as can be seen in Green et al (2004), Hannon and Tiernan (2008), Kuwabara et al (2002), Lin and Ding (1995) and Merklein and Biasutti (2013). Recently, an ISO standard for a biaxial tensile testing method using a cruciform test piece was published in ISO (2014).…”

The influence of plastic strain ratios on the numerical modelling of stretch forming

“…4(a) should be clarified. From (6) it is obvious that the magnitude of the predicted uniaxial yield strength is determined from the biaxial yield strength. The change in the Hill's yield locus during plastic de- formation is, by virtue of the isotropic strain hardening assumption, governed by the biaxial yield strength.…”

“…However, because of the deficiencies inherent within the calculation, more accurate results are obtained at the higher end of the range [5]. Significant scatter in the r-value results at low strains were also observed by Lin and Ding [6], who further commented on the tendency of the r-value to become singular at low strain levels. These observations contradict the suggested back extrapolation of r-values proposed by Hill [7].…”