Experimental Study of Various Methods for Low Frequency Spatial Audio Reproduction Over Loudspeakers

Hollebon, Jacob; Fazi, Filippo Maria

doi:10.1109/i3da48870.2021.9610937

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This correlation between the E rep , E ang and the array effort indicates that reproducing out-of-span virtual sources is both inefficient and less robust, and that small errors may lead to large deviations from the target sound field. This is consistent with what happens with the reproduction of out-of-span image sources with standard stereo and multi-channel audio [50].…”

Section: E Reproduction Error and Angular Errorsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sound Field Reproduction With a Cylindrical Loudspeaker Array Using First Order Wall Reflections

Maeda¹,

Fazi²,

Hoffmann³

2021

IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.

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Sound field reproduction is a promising technology for reproducing a desired sound field over a specific area. However, several practical challenges exist, such as the requirement for a large number of loudspeakers and the degradation of spatial reproduction accuracy due to room reflections. This work proposes a sound field reproduction method based on a cylindrical loudspeaker array that is used to both radiate sound directly towards the listener and take advantage of controlled first-order reflections from the room's walls. The sound field corresponding to one or more virtual sound sources is created by the combination of the direct and reflected sound at the listener position. As long as the lateral walls generate welldefined specular reflections, the simple model of the reverberant field with the proposed formulation enables this method to work without elaborate acoustical measurements. Two approaches with different concepts of controlling the array are compared and their mathematical equivalence is shown. To evaluate the performance, both simulations and experiments were conducted, showing a good agreement with theory.

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Section: E Reproduction Error and Angular Errorsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sound Field Reproduction With a Cylindrical Loudspeaker Array Using First Order Wall Reflections

Maeda¹,

Fazi²,

Hoffmann³

2021

IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.

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“…Furthermore, expressing a plant matrix and target pressure vector in terms of cos(nθ) or cos n (θ) up to the same truncation order N , using the pseudoinverse and assuming the problem is underdetermined will give identical gain definitions. This reinforces the concept that HOS ensures accurate reproduction across a single axis, and generalises previous work linking stereo and Ambisonics from first order to any given order [8], [9].…”

Section: B 2d Ambisonics To Higher Order Stereo Decodersupporting

confidence: 85%

“…All techniques are derived using similar assumptions (primarily plane wave virtual sources and loudspeakers), and define loudspeaker panning functions. Finally, to a first order approximation HOS has been shown to be a subset of HOA, and the sound field representations are intrinsically linked [4]- [6], [8], [9]. A formal mapping between HOS and HOA will thus now be derived.…”

Section: A Transformations Between Sound Field Representationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-Order Stereophony

Hollebon

Fazi

2023

IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.

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This work introduces a new theory for spatial audio recording and reproduction named Higher Order Stereophony. Through the use of the Taylor expansion, the technique accurately reproduces a sound field across a line that is orientated as the interaural axis of a listener, to attempt to recreate a set of desired binaural signals. The technique utilises loudspeaker amplitude panning, and is shown to encompass in its framework traditional Stereophony approaches such as the stereo sine law. Therefore, the technique expands Stereophony to higher orders and more loudspeakers, leading to a greater frequency range of accurate reproduction, in a similar manner to Higher Order Ambisonics. Higher Order Stereophony is shown to exhibit many similarities to Higher Order Ambisonics, and decoders to transition between the different sound field representations are derived. Higher Order Stereophony is also re-derived through a mode matching approach using a subset of spherical harmonics, those with degree index equal to zero only. The theoretical results are then validated through experimental measurements using various microphone arrays, considering the reproduced sound field across a single line and the reproduced spherical harmonic coefficients of the sound field.

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Spatial Audio Panning With Elevated Sources Using Horizontal-Only Reproduction Loudspeakers

Hollebon,

Fazi

2023

2023 Immersive and 3D Audio: From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)

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Experimental Study of Various Methods for Low Frequency Spatial Audio Reproduction Over Loudspeakers

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Sound Field Reproduction With a Cylindrical Loudspeaker Array Using First Order Wall Reflections

Sound Field Reproduction With a Cylindrical Loudspeaker Array Using First Order Wall Reflections

Higher-Order Stereophony

Spatial Audio Panning With Elevated Sources Using Horizontal-Only Reproduction Loudspeakers

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