Experimental study on a feasibility of using electromagnetic wave cylindrical cavity sensor to monitor the percentage of water fraction in a two phase system

Oon, Cheen Sean; Ateeq, Muhammad; Shaw, Andy; Al-Shamma’a, Ahmed; Kazi, S.N.; Badarudin, A.

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2016.05.005

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The passive antenna sensors, in fact, is a new technique and have great potentials to be developed into permanent embedded sensors for ageing infrastructure and life extension: e.g., railway track [202], power plant [203], aircraft [204], oil & gas structures [205] and pipelines [206], where reliable and accurate defect assessment and continuous monitoring is thereby required to provide significant safety and economic benefits. More applications can be found in [207].…”

Section: Future Trends and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RFID-based sensing and monitoring combined with printed electronic devices is leading the way over traditional sensors to have great potential for ground-breaking sensing and monitoring for infrastructures in extreme environments [ 201 ], and intelligent society including intelligent packaging [ 193 ] and wearable ‘smart’ electronic devices for e-healthcare of ageing people at senior centre, hospital, or home [ 181 ]. The passive antenna sensors, in fact, is a new technique and have great potentials to be developed into permanent embedded sensors for ageing infrastructure and life extension: e.g., railway track [ 202 ], power plant [ 203 ], aircraft [ 204 ], oil & gas structures [ 205 ] and pipelines [ 206 ], where reliable and accurate defect assessment and continuous monitoring is thereby required to provide significant safety and economic benefits. More applications can be found in [ 207 ].…”

Section: Future Trends and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Passive RFID Tag Antenna-Based Sensors and Systems for Structural Health Monitoring Applications

Zhang

Tian

Marindra

et al. 2017

Sensors

309

172

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In recent few years, the antenna and sensor communities have witnessed a considerable integration of radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas and sensors because of the impetus provided by internet of things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems (CPS). Such types of sensor can find potential applications in structural health monitoring (SHM) because of their passive, wireless, simple, compact size, and multimodal nature, particular in large scale infrastructures during their lifecycle. The big data from these ubiquitous sensors are expected to generate a big impact for intelligent monitoring. A remarkable number of scientific papers demonstrate the possibility that objects can be remotely tracked and intelligently monitored for their physical/chemical/mechanical properties and environment conditions. Most of the work focuses on antenna design, and significant information has been generated to demonstrate feasibilities. Further information is needed to gain deep understanding of the passive RFID antenna sensor systems in order to make them reliable and practical. Nevertheless, this information is scattered over much literature. This paper is to comprehensively summarize and clearly highlight the challenges and state-of-the-art methods of passive RFID antenna sensors and systems in terms of sensing and communication from system point of view. Future trends are also discussed. The future research and development in UK are suggested as well.

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Section: Future Trends and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Trends and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Passive RFID Tag Antenna-Based Sensors and Systems for Structural Health Monitoring Applications

Zhang

Tian

Marindra

et al. 2017

Sensors

309

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Microwave resonators have been investigated for demulsification of water in crude oil using single-and multi-mode resonators [21]. Oon et al [22] investigated a cylindrical microwave resonator sensor to monitor two phase flow systems and the changes in the permittivity of the measured phases to differentiate between the volume fractions of air, water and oil. Microwaves in the range of 5-5.7 GHz have been used to analyse a two-phase air-water and oil-water stratified flow in a pipeline, demonstrating the ability to detect a change in water fraction in full range of 0%-100%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microwave cavity resonator sensor for water-in-oil measurements

Sharma

Lao

Falcone

2018

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Online monitoring of Water-Liquid Ratio (WLR) in multiphase flow is key in petroleum production, processing and transportation. The usual practice in the field is to manually collect offline samples for laboratory analysis, which delays data availability and prevents real time intervention and optimization. A highly accurate and robust sensing method is needed for online measurements in the lower end of WLR range (0%-5%), especially for fiscal metering and custody transfer of crude oil, as well as to ensure adequate flow assurance prevention and remedial solutions. This requires a highly sensitive sensing principle along with a highly precise measurement instrument, packaged together in a sufficiently robust manner for use in the field. In this paper, a new sensing principle is proposed, based on the open-ended microwave cavity resonator and near wall surface perturbation, for non-intrusive measurement of WLR. In the proposed concept, the electromagnetic fringe field of a cylindrical cavity resonator is used to probe the liquid near the pipe wall. Two of the cylindrical cavity resonance modes, TM010 and TM011 are energized for measurements and the shift in the resonance frequency is used to estimate liquid permittivity and the WLR. Electromagnetic simulations in the microwave frequency range of 4 GHz to 7 GHz are used for proof-of-concept and sensitivity studies. A sensor prototype is fabricated and its functionality demonstrated with flowing oil-water mixtures in the WLR range of 0-5%. The frequency range of the proposed sensors is 4.4-4.6 GHz and 6.1-6.6 GHz for modes TM010 and TM011, respectively. The TM011 mode shows much higher sensitivity (41.6 MHz/WLR) than the TM010 mode (3.8 MHz/WLR). The proposed sensor consists of a 20mm high cylinder, with a diameter of 30mm and Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) filler. The non-intrusiveness of the sensor, along with the high sensitivity in the resonance shift, makes it attractive for practical applications.

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“…When resonance occurs, there is the possibility of the occurrence of various electromagnetic modes within a specific cavity, where different modes have their own resonant frequencies, dimensions of cavities, and associated Q-values [21]. The basic modes for cylindrical cavity resonators are transverse magnetic, TM 01 , and transverse electric, TE 01 and TE 11 [22].…”

Section: Cylindrical Cavity Sensor Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cylindrical Cavity Sensor for Distinction of Various Driveability Index Gasoline with Temperature Robustness

Lee

Jeong

Ashraf

2019

Sensors

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In this paper, a cylindrical cavity sensor based on microwave resonant theory is proposed to distinguish between various driveability index gasolines under temperature variations. The working principle of the proposed sensor is based on the fact that the change in permittivity of gasoline samples inside cavity sensor will also cause a change in resonant frequency. The proposed sensor has good sensitivity in terms of resonant frequency separation, which enables it to capture the minute permittivity changes and distinguish different gasolines. By using a normal gasoline permittivity of 2.15 and changing sensor dimension parameters, the sensor was designed by high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The designed sensor has a resonant frequency of 7.119 GHz for the TM012 mode with a 19.2 mm radius, a 35 mm height, and one-port coupling probe of 8 mm height. The proposed cylindrical cavity sensor shows advantages of excellent resonant characteristics of small cavity size and small sample amount. To optimize and verify the parameters of the sensor, many experiments have been carried out using HFSS and a vector network analyzer (VNA). Consequently, the proposed sensor is proven to be robust to temperature changes in terms of resonant frequency separation. The minimum frequency separation to distinguish gasoline samples is found to be larger than 29 MHz with reflection coefficients under −11 dB for temperature changes from −35 °C to 0 °C. The consistency of experimental and theoretical results also are presented, which guarantees accuracy of the sensor for the distinction of gasoline.

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Experimental study on a feasibility of using electromagnetic wave cylindrical cavity sensor to monitor the percentage of water fraction in a two phase system

Abstract: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

A Review of Passive RFID Tag Antenna-Based Sensors and Systems for Structural Health Monitoring Applications

A Review of Passive RFID Tag Antenna-Based Sensors and Systems for Structural Health Monitoring Applications

A microwave cavity resonator sensor for water-in-oil measurements

Cylindrical Cavity Sensor for Distinction of Various Driveability Index Gasoline with Temperature Robustness

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