Experimental study on burning rates of large-scale hydrocarbon pool fires under controlled wind conditions

Lei, Jiao; Deng, Wenyang; Liu, Zhihui; Mao, Shaohua; Saito, Kozo; Tao, Yang; Wang, Hongmei; Xie, Chengli

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103517

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Under ventilated conditions, fuel mass burning rate has a certain ratio relationship at low and high altitudes. It is m l /m h ≈ 0.75 compared to the maximum burning rate ratio measured by Lei et al 26 This is close to the burning rate ratio of 0.74 that was obtained in the experiment by Zhou et al 32 where Jet‐A aviation kerosene was used at Lhasa (3650 m, 65.2 kPa) and Hefei (20 m, 101 kPa). The decrease in burning rate will further affect parameters including air entrainment, flame shape, flame and smoke temperature, flame radiation and smoke density, making the combustion law of liquid fuel at high altitudes quite different to that at sea level.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The burn rate is expressed as:

m^{″} = 0.058 (1 - e^{- 0.65 D})

The parameters of 0.058 kg/m 2 s and 0.65 were obtained. Lei et al 26 obtained a burning rate of 0.077 kg/m 2 s at a large‐scale open space by using RP‐5 aviation kerosene in plain area experiments. Lam et al 28 measured burning rates of 0.055 kg/m 2 s，0.07 kg/m 2 s, 0.057 kg/m 2 and, 0.05 kg/m 2 s. Blanchat et al 24 used JP‐8 fuel in a 7.92 m oil pool experiment, measuring burning rates of 0.071, 0.062 and 0.068 kg/m 2 s. Gottuk et al 29 used JP‐8 fuel in a 0.68 and 0.9 m oil pool experiment and recorded burning rates of 0.027 kg/m 2 and, 0.036 kg/m 2 s. J. Suo‐Antilla et al 30 measured 0.062 kg/m 2 s using JP‐8 fuel in an 18.9 m pool fire experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those with a diameter of 1.128–2.82 m were measured indirectly. The indirect method is based on communicating vessels and it is a common method for large‐scale oil pool fire experiments 26 . A stainless steel pilot tube was used for connecting the oil pool to the open beaker in order to complete communication vessels.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indirect method is based on communicating vessels and it is a common method for large-scale oil pool fire experiments. 26…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation on RP‐3 aviation kerosene large‐scale pool fires at high altitude

et al. 2022

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RP‐3 aviation kerosene is a standard fuel that is used in civil aircraft and is a substitute for Jet‐A fuel. This paper investigates the combustion behaviour of RP‐3 aviation kerosene in an open space in the low‐pressure environment of a plateau. A series of large‐scale pools with diameters ranging from 0.4 m to 2.82 m combustion experiments are performed. Typical combustion characteristic parameters, including combustion rate, flame height and axial plume temperature distribution is measured. Results show that a low‐pressure environment significantly affects pool fires. With combustion rate, there is a linear variation law between oil pool size and combustion rate. The experimental data are fitted as a means of obtaining the large‐scale combustion rate relationship equation at low pressure. Experimental flame height data is compared using classical prediction models. Prediction model coefficients at low pressure are determined. The axial plume temperature distribution is greater than in the literature findings due to flames becoming longer in a low‐pressure environment. The three regimes in McCaffery's model are redefined and correlate well with the vertical temperature profile of the pool centreline. The results of the experimental investigation will help research fire hazards in low‐pressure environments while also contributing to the provision of basic data for the development of firefighting operation strategies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The burn rate is expressed as:

m^{″} = 0.058 (1 - e^{- 0.65 D})

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indirect method is based on communicating vessels and it is a common method for large-scale oil pool fire experiments. 26…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation on RP‐3 aviation kerosene large‐scale pool fires at high altitude

et al. 2022

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“…Current ISBs may be classified as pool fires, where the air entrainment toward the fire occurs only in the radial direction. A common scenario is when the buoyant plume from the fire is subjected to a crosswind, resulting in an inclined plume, sometimes enhancing the burning rate. , Still, substantial increases in burning efficiency are not possible with this entrainment configuration because when the pool diameters increase beyond 1 m, heat feedback is dominated by radiation, causing a plateauing of mass flux . An entrainment condition that consists of azimuthal flow in addition to radial flow results in the formation of fire whirls, which can aid in increasing both convective and radiative heat feedback, and may hold the key to improving burning characteristics of ISBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Natural and Forced Entrainment on PM Emissions from Fire Whirls

Hariharan

Farahani

Rangwala

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The influence of different air entrainment conditions on the emissions of particulate matter from fire whirls was investigated by igniting a diesel fuel pool, 0.7 m in diameter, within a four-walled enclosure. Four different natural entrainment conditions resulted when gap sizes in the walls were varied between 0.35 and 0.65 m. In addition, three forced-entrainment conditions were created by holding the gap width constant and varying the air-entrainment velocity using fans positioned at each of the four gaps. The concentration of particulates was measured for these seven conditions, and one pool fire condition for comparison. For fire whirls under natural entrainment, the emission factor of total particulate matter, EFPM, was lower than that for pool fires, and decreased with increasing gap size. Fire whirls under mild levels of forced entrainment showed the lowest values of EFPM, but as the level of forced entrainment was increased, EFPM increased steadily to a value higher than that of pool fires. The reduction in EFPM is attributed to a combination of leaner stoichiometry and the interaction between the entrainment and the instantaneous burning rate. Thus, for a given pool diameter, an optimum value of entrainment velocity exists where the EFPM is lowest. Considerations for utilizing whirling flames to reduce airborne particulate emissions from in situ burning are discussed.

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Flame interactions and burning rates of discrete liquid fuel arrays under crossflow

Chen,

Miao,

Tao

et al. 2024

Combustion and Flame

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Experimental study on burning rates of large-scale hydrocarbon pool fires under controlled wind conditions

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Experimental investigation on RP‐3 aviation kerosene large‐scale pool fires at high altitude

Experimental investigation on RP‐3 aviation kerosene large‐scale pool fires at high altitude

Effects of Natural and Forced Entrainment on PM Emissions from Fire Whirls

Flame interactions and burning rates of discrete liquid fuel arrays under crossflow

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