“…Consequently, researchers are constantly exploring new meth-ods to improve ice-breaking ability. Many new ice-breaking methods have been proposed, including the use of explosions (Wang et al, 2022), high-pressure air-gun bubbles (Wu et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2023), high-speed water jets (Yuan et al, 2022;Yuan et al, 2023), moving loads (Zemlyak et al, 2023;Zhou et al, 2023), etc. Among these new ice-breaking methods, breaking the ice by utilizing a moving load has the advantages of high efficiency and cleanliness.…”