In this paper, a handheld liquor authenticity detection system is demonstrated based on the laser spectroscopy technique, which consists of a handheld laser spectrometer and a mobile phone display terminal. In this system, the semiconductor laser is integrated into the spectrometer and the laser beam is further angled to the optical axis of the spectrometer to avoid interference of the fluorescence generated by the bottle wall. During the system operation, the laser excites the tested liquor to generate fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy signals, which are digitized and wirelessly transmitted by Wi-Fi to the Android mobile terminal. After the image processing by the mobile phone APP, the tested liquor spectrum curve is obtained. At the same time, based on the standard liquor spectrum curve stored in the database, the Pearson correlation coefficient is calculated and the matching similarity is given. In addition, this paper proposes a calibration method based on pure water Raman intensity to achieve accurate measurement of fluorescence intensity and minimize the influence of fluorescence intensity saturation on the measurement results. In the experiment, we measured the similarity of 12 brands of Chinese liquor by using our self-developed handheld laser spectrometer. Their authenticity of liquor could be given accurately and effectively.